Demography of Race and Ethnicity

1
Demography of Race and Ethnicity

• Rogelio Saenz
• Texas AM University
• rsaenz_at_tamu.edu

2
National Trends

• Changing face of the demography of the United
  States.
• Latinos engine of U.S. population growth.
• Continued racial and ethnic stratification.
• Latinos, African Americans, and Native Americans
  for long at bottom.

3

• Latinos as Engine of U.S. Population Growth

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Background of Latinos in the U.S.

• Significant Latino population growth.
• 58 increase in 1990-2000 vs. 13 for U.S. and 3
  for white population.
• Between 1980 and 2000, the Latino population
  expanded 2.5 times compared to a growth of 24 in
  the United States.
• Two of every five people added to the U.S.
  population between 1980 and 2000 were Latino.
• In 2003, Latinos became the largest minority
  group in the U.S.
• 1 of 2 people added to U.S. population in
  2000-2004 was Latino.

5
Ratio of Births to Deaths among Latinos and
Whites, 2000-2004.
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Why the Rapid Latino Population Growth?

• Young Age Structure
• High Fertility
• Low Mortality
• High Immigration

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• Age Structure

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Age-Sex Pyramid for the U.S. Latino Population,
2000.
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Age-Sex Pyramid for the U.S. White Population,
2000.
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Age-Sex Pyramid for the U.S. African American
Population, 2000.
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• Immigration

12
Number of Legal Immigrants Entering the United
States from Selected Latin American Countries and
Regions, 1961-2000.
13

• Fertility

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Total Fertility Rate by Race/Ethnic Group, 2001.
15
A Crossover in Mexican and Mexican American
Fertility

• Total Fertility Rates (TFRs) Avg. number of
  births per woman over ages 15-44.
• U.S.
• Year Mexico Mexican-Origin
• 1960 7.3
• 1970 6.8
• 1980 4.7
• 1990 3.3 3.2
• 2000 2.4 2.9
• _____________________________________
• Source Frank, Reanne and Patrick Heuveline.
  2005. A Crossover in Mexican and
  Mexican-American Fertility Rates Evidence and
  Explanations for an Emerging Paradox.
  Demographic Research 1277-104.

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• General Mortality

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Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Racial/Ethnic
Groups by Sex, 2001.
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Life Expectancy at Birth in the United States by
Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 2001.
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Explanations?

• Migrant selectivity.
• Protective immigrant culture.
• Statistical artifact.
• Salmon bias.

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• Infant Mortality

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Infant Mortality Rate, Neonatal Mortality Rate,
and Post Neonatal Mortality Rate by Racial/Ethnic
Groups, 2000.
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• Texas

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• The Texas Face is Increasingly Latino

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Latinos The Engine of Texas Population Change

• Percentage Change in Texas, 1980-2005.
• Total Population 61
• Latino Population 169
• There are nearly 3 times as many (2.7 actually)
  in Texas in 2005 as there were in 1980.
• The Texas Latino population stood at 8,029,844 in
  2005.

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Latinos The Engine of Texas Population Change

• Between 1980 and 2005, the Texas population added
  8.6 million people, 5.0 million of these were
  Latino.
• Nearly three out of every five of these new
  Texans were Latino (actually 58.4).

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Percentage of Texas Population Growth Due to
Latino Population Growth, 1980-1990 to 2000-2005.
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Percentage of the Texas Population That is
Latino, 1980-2005.
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• The Demographic Divide Between Latinos and Whites
  in Texas

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Percentage Representation of Latinos and Whites
in the Texas Population by Age Groups, 2000.
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• he Demography of Race and Ethnicity in
  Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA
• Data Source
• 2006 American Community Survey

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Racial/Ethnic Distribution Houston MSA is a
Minority-Majority Area.
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Percent of Persons Foreign-Born by
Race/Ethnicity, 2006.
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5 Largest Asian Groups, 2006.

• Vietnamese 84,988
• Asian Indian 74,068
• Chinese (exc. Taiwanese) 60,629
• Filipino 37,996
• Pakistani 15,303
• Total Asian 311,303

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5 Largest Latino Groups, 2006.

• Mexican 1,415,401
• Salvadoran 117,465
• Honduran 53,101
• Guatemalan 33,051
• Colombian 31,236
• Total Latinos 1,823,830

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Percent of Persons 25 and Older High School
Graduates and College Graduates by
Race/Ethnicity, 2006.
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Percent of Persons in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity,
2006.
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Median Household Income and Median Family Income
by Race/Ethnicity, 2006.
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Percent of Persons 25 to 64 in Labor Force by Sex
and Race/Ethnicity, 2006.
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Percent of Persons 25 to 64 in Civilian Labor
Force Unemployed by Sex and Race/Ethnicity, 2006.
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• The Future Demography of Texas and Houston MSA
• Texas State Data Center Projections for 2000-2040
• Scenario 0.5 (1/2 of 1990-2000 Growth)

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Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity for
Texas, 2000-2040 (Scenario 0.5).Source Texas
State Data Center.
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Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity for the
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA, 2000-2040
(Scenario 0.5).Source Texas State Data Center.
43
Changing Relative Presence of Latinos and Whites
in Texas and Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA,
2000-2040.
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Conclusions

• Changing face of the country, state, and MSA.
• Increasingly minority especially Latino.
• Declining white and increasing Latino population.
• Major need
• Investment in education of minority youth
  especially Latinos.
• Current racial/ethnic stratification.
• Future racial/ethnic stratification.
• Increasing numbers potential political power
• Systemic Racism (Joe Feagin)