French Revolution

1
French Revolution

• Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

2
Background Causes
3

• Enlightenment
• Social Disunity
• Conditions of Ruling Class
• Economic Issues

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Direct Cause

• Bankruptcy
• Story..

5
Events 1789

• June 17
• Tennis Court Oath
• National Assembly
• June 14
• Storming of the Bastille
• Throughout
• The Great Fear

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Events 1789 Continued

• August 4
• Aug. 4th decree
• August 26
• Declaration of the
• Rights of Man

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Remaking France

• Land
• departments 83
• Church
• took the land
• Civil Constitution of the Clergy
• Nobility

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More Events

• King tries to flee France in June, 1791
• Constitution completed in October, 1791
• Limited Monarchy
• Legislative Assembly

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WAR

• Assembly declares war on AUSTRIA in April of 1792
• Army of Austrians and Prussian troops invaded
  France and Headed toward Paris

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More Events Continued

• August, 1792 Paris organized a mob attack on
  the royal palace and the Legislative Assembly
• The Assembly had lost its legitimacy
• Many fled

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• Call for a NATIONAL CONVENTION
• Draft a Republican Constitution
• Took king captive and family imprisoned (Aug. 10)

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Goals of National Convention

• Abolish the Monarchy and Establish a Republic

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New Extremes

• Radical (LEFT) Jacobins (Machiavellian)
• Republic
• Moderate (CENTER) Jacobins
• Republic
• Conservative (RIGHT) Girondins
• Constitutional Monarchy

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Powerful Jacobins

• Danton
• Robespierre

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THE REIGN OF TERROR
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The Paris Commune

• City assembly made up of representatives elected
  from 48 neighborhood districts called SECTIONS.
• Dominated by Sans-Culottes (artisans and
  shopkeepers)

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Continued...

• Danton, encouraged fears that counter-revolutionar
  y forces loyal to the king were undermining the
  Revolution.

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National Convention

• New Revolutionary Calendar
• Girondins and Jacobins compromised on the fate of
  Louis
• Tried him for Treason
• Executed on January 21, 1793

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National Conventions other Problems

• War (Britain, Netherlands, Spain)
• The Draft -- revolts
• inflation (poor harvest)
• fixed prices for grain and bread

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The Reign of Terror

• Period of time when the Jacobins controlled
  France and crushed any suspected opposition to
  the Revolution.

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• The Jacobins crushed the Girondins
• established the Committee of Public Safety,
  Committee of General Security, and the
  Revolutionary Tribunal
• Aug. 17, 1793 mass conscription
• Sept. 5, 1793 approved the Reign of Terror

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The Law of Suspects

• Authorized the charging of counter-revolutionaries
  with vaguely defined crimes against liberty

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• The Revolutionary Army did stop the foreign
  invading forces
• However
• The strength of the army cam at a great cost

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In less than one year...

• 250,000 arrested
• 17,000 tried and guillotines
• 12,00 guillotined without trial
• thousands more died in jail

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The downfall of the Jacobins and the Reign of
Terror

• Robespierre and 82 of his associates were
  guillotined on July 28, 1794
• The remaining convention establish the DIRECTORY

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The Directory

• Established a new constitution which limited the
  right to vote to the wealthiest 30,000 male
  citizens and distributed power to three main
  bodies
• Very ineffective and will fail
• This leads to the rise of a new dictatorship
  NAPOLEON