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The Endocrine Pancreas

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Dominates in Fasting State Metabolism. Glucagon Action on Cells: Dominates in Fasting State Metabolism. Figure 21-14: Endocrine response to hypoglycemia ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Endocrine Pancreas


1
The Endocrine Pancreas
  • Felix E. Grissom, Ph.D.
  • 2219 Numa P.G. Adams Bldg
  • Howard University
  • Tel. 202 806-4512

2
Pancreatic Hormones, Insulin Glucagon Regulate
Metabolism
  • Beta cells produce insulin cellular uptake of
    blood glucose
  • Alpha cells produce glucagon ? blood glucose
    (from cells)
  • D cells produce somatostatin ? gastric secretion

3
Pancreatic Hormones, Insulin Glucagon Regulate
Metabolism
Figure 22-7 b The endocrine pancreas
4
Pancreatic Hormones, Insulin Glucagon Regulate
Metabolism
Figure 22-8 Metabolism is controlled by insulin
and glucagon
5
Insulin Action on Cells Dominates in Fed State
Metabolism
  • ? glucose uptake in most cells
  • (not active muscle)
  • ? glucose use storage
  • ? protein synthesis
  • ? fat synthesis

6
Insulin Action on Cells Dominates in Fed State
Metabolism
Figure 22-10 Insulins cellular mechanism of
action
7
Insulin Summary and Control Reflex Loop
Figure 22-13 Fed-state metabolism
8
Glucagon Action on Cells Dominates in Fasting
State Metabolism
  • Glucagon prevents hypoglycemia by ? cell
    production of glucose
  • Liver is primary target to maintain blood glucose
    levels

9
Glucagon Action on Cells Dominates in Fasting
State Metabolism
Figure 21-14 Endocrine response to hypoglycemia
10
Diabetes Mellitus Abnormally Elevated Blood
Glucose (Hyperglycemia)
  • Type 1 beta cells destroyed- no insulin
    produced?chronic fasted state, "melting flesh",
    ketosis, acidosis, glucosurea, diuresis coma

11
Diabetes Mellitus Abnormally Elevated Blood
Glucose (Hyperglycemia)
Figure 22-15 Acute pathophysiology of type 1
diabetes mellitus
12
Diabetes Mellitus Type II a Group of Diseases
  • Over 15 million diabetics in USA- 10 type I, 90
    type II
  • Insulin resistance keeps blood glucose too high
  • Problem with receptors, glucagons levels
  • Chronic complications atherosclerosis, renal
    failure blindness

13
Diabetes Mellitus Type II a Group of Diseases
Figure 22-16 Normal and abnormal glucose
tolerance tests
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