SLAVERY A CRUEL INSTITUTION

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SLAVERY A CRUEL INSTITUTION
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BEGINNINGS

• Africans took slaves from rival tribes
• Slavery was not a new concept to Africans
• Ancient World acquired slaves through
• WAR
• DEBT

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DIFFERENCES

• EUROPE
• Based on Race
• Dehumanized

• AFRICA
• Based on loss in Battle
• Could gain Freedom

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TRIANGLE TRADE
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MIDDLE PASSAGE

• Defined Route from Africa ? New World.
• Travel Time 6-9 weeks
• Ship Capacity 200-300 (some held 600)
• - The captains had to decide how much return
  they wanted to receive.
• Mortality Rate 16

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MIDDLE PASSAGE

• RESISTANCE
• Jumping Overboard
• (Schools of sharks followed slave ships)
• Hunger Strikes
• Mutinies
• (50 recorded 1 successful)

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• VIRGINIA LAW
• 1661 Indentured Servant Law
• 1662 Condition of Slave Children
• 1667 Baptism doesnt imply freedom
• 1669 Slave deaths from punishment
• 1670 Non-Christian servants slaves for life
• TREND gt

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• SLAVE CODES
• Cannot leave the plantation w/out a pass
• Not allowed to read and write
• Not allowed to possess firearms
• Not allowed to possess liquor

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• TYPES OF SLAVES
• Field Hands Worked in the fields (majority)
• House Slaves Mastered English, cooked, cleaned,
  sewed, nanny
• Artisan Slaves Most Trusted, specialized skills
  (blacksmith, carpenter)

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• PLANTATION LIFE -- WORK
• Duration Sunrise to Sunset
• Worst Sugar Plantations
• Gang System
• Overseer seen everyday

• PLANTATION LIFE -- HOUSING
• Size 12 x 12
• Description Portable, dirt floors, fire place
  and chimney made of wood and mud.

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• PLANTATION LIFE --
• CLOTHES
• Coarse material
• Two changes per year
• One blanket
• Crude shoes that didnt fit

• PLANTATION LIFE -- FOOD
• Hog and Hominy (Pork and Corn Meal)
• Nutritional quality poor
• Quantity not too bad

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• PLANTATION LIFE -- PUNISHMENT
• Common experience At least once in a slaves
  life, they will be whipped
• Overseers could give 10 lashes w/out consulting
  the Master

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• POPULATION 1850
• of Slave Owners of Slaves
• 1733100
• 619650-99
• 29,733.20-49
• 54,595.10-19
• 80,765.5 9
• 105,683...2 4
• 68,820.....1 each

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COLONIAL SLAVERY

• POPULATION
• 1790 750,000 gtgtgtgtgtgtgt 1861 4 million
• Blacks outnumbered Whites in the South
• (Caused a real fear of uprisings)

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ANTEBELLUM SLAVERY

• MYTH All Southerners owned slaves.

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ANTEBELLUM SLAVERY

• FAMILY
• More likely to see a family unit during
  antebellum slavery than colonial times.
• Slaves emphasized the family
• Most runaways were searching for family members
  who were sold

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ANTEBELLUM SLAVERY

• WHITE CHURCHES
• Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian
• 25 of church pop. Were black
• Slaves had to be in the balcony or outside

• BRUSH ARBOR RELIGION
• Conducted in secret
• Minister elected
• Emphasized Deliverance and Emotional Expression
• Called for Gods destruction on whites
• Spirituals often contained coded messages

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ANTEBELLUM SLAVERY

• GABRIEL PROSSER 1800
• Location Richmond, VA
• Artisan Slave (Blacksmith)
• Artisan slaves planned an uprising
• Authorities were notified
• Prosser and the other leaders were executed

• DENMARK VESSEY 1822
• Location Charleston, SC
• Artisan Slave (Carpenter)
• Gained freedom through a lottery
• Artisan slaves planned an uprising
• Authorities were notified
• Vessey and 37 others were executed

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ANTEBELLUM SLAVERY

• NAT TURNER 1831
• Location Richmond, VA
• Field Hand and Preacher
• Uprising occurred killing many whites in and
  around Richmond
• Virginia Militia called out and a battle ensued
  (approx. 300 killed)
• Turner was captured and executed w/ others

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BECOMING FREE

• 1. Indentured Servant
• 2. Running away
• 3. Military Service
• 4. Gradual Abolition reach a certain age
• 5. Manumission Master frees slaves
• 6. Purchase

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ABOLITION MOVEMENT

• Defined The attempt of individuals and groups
  to end slavery through many diverse methods.

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ABOLITION MOVEMENT

• Wm. Lloyd Garrison
• Editor The Liberator
• Spent freeing slaves
• House part of the Underground R.R.

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ABOLITION MOVEMENT

• Frederick Douglass
• Runaway Slave
• Wrote Autobiography
• Eloquent speaker for the American Anti-Slavery
  Society
• Editor The North Star

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ABOLITION MOVEMENT

• Sojourner Truth
• Former Slave
• Eloquent speaker
• Anti-Slavery
• Womens Rights

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UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

• Defined A network of people who helped get
  runaway slaves to freedom.
• Traveled primarily at night for better security
• No one knows exactly how many slaves escaped to
  freedom, but probably thousands

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UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

• CONDUCTORS
• - Led slaves to freedom via the Underground
  Railroad
• - Most were white
• Most Famous
• Harriet Tubman ?
• - Runaway slave
• - Led over 200 slaves to freedom