Goal 12

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Goal 12

• The U.S. Since Vietnam
• 1973-Present

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Nixon (1968-1974)

• At Home
• Spending on Vietnam war
• Southern Democracy-gain southern democrats
  support
• New Federalism
• Decrease federal size and govt role in states
  business by giving and letting states decide
  and provide social help
• Oil Crisis
• OPEC- imposed embargo on oil to U.S. to punish
  them from supporting Israel in war in Middle East
• High prices cause people to stop buying resulting
  in a recession

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Nixon

• Abroad
• Henry Kissinger-Chief Advisor for foreign affairs
• Dentent-1972 Nixon visits China and Soviet Union
  easing cold war tensions
• SALT I Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
• Limited production on nuclear weapons

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The Watergate Scandal
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Watergate Scandal - Nixon

• Nixon wanted to win 72 Election
• Aides audio taped people in administration
• Were caught during break-in Watergate building to
  install tapes
• Nixon argued matter of national security
• Bribed Democrats and Watergate workers
• Denied all participationButterfield exposed...
  IMPEACHED!
• Obstruction of justice
• Abuse of power
• Refusal to turn over tapes

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Washington Post Reporters Bob Woodward and Carl
Bernstein vs.NIXON
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• Watergate caused many Americans to lose
  confidence in the government a feeling that
  still exists today.

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FORD

• Home/Domestic Issues
• Pardons Nixon
• Stagflation-inflation and unemployment
  increased.. economy stalls

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FORD

• Abroad
• Continued Detent
• Helsinki Accords-agreement between U.S., Canada,
  Mexico, and 30 Countries and Europe to cooperate
  economically promote human rights and respect
  national boundaries

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CARTER (1976-1980)

• Home/Domestic Issues
• Deregulation-laizze faire
• Energy Crisis- national energy act-alternative to
  use of nuclear energy
• Wanted to ease dependency on foreign oil through
  energy conservation, new energy supplies, and
  loosening government regulation
• 1979 Three Mile Island-radiation leak

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CARTER

• Abroad/Foreign Policy
• Camp David Accords-Conflict between Egypt and
  Israel continued. Egypt would not recognize
  Israel and Israel continued to occupy Egyptian
  territory.
• SALT II-Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan
• Iran Hostage Crisis-Iran, U.S, Nicaragua
• Revolution in 1979 Iranians disliked U.S.
• Iranians seized U.S. Embassy and took Americans
  hostage

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Pres. Ronald Reagan
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• Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980.
• Americas oldest president.
• A former actor/governor from California.

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Reagan (1980-1988)

• Home/Domestic Issues
• Brought hostages home
• New Right Decreased federal spending on
  social programs

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REAGAN

• Goals
• Slash taxes-he did!
• Improve economy-Reagonomics (Business grow if
  consumers demand for more goodssupply side ..cut
  taxes and more spending)
• Deregulation
• Decrease size of federal govt
• Patriotism-Olympic Games 1984
• Conservatives in Supreme Court
• Farm Crisis-falling prices leads to subsides and
  credit extensions

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REAGAN

• Abroad
• INF Treaty Intermediate Range Forces US
  Soviet Union Destroyed 2,500 missiles
  (Perestroika-restructure of economy
  Glasnost-openness)
• Iran-Contra Affair-US attempt to solve problems
  by selling weapons (illegal public outraged)
• SDI Strategic Defense Initiative
• -Star Wars goal is to detect and destroy nuclear
  missiles.

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Pres. Ronald Reagan

• This program was nicknamed Star Wars and it
  drastically increased government spending

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The Iran-Contra Affair

• Despite the Congressional ban on U.S. funds for
  the Contras war, Reagans national security staff
  sought to continue the funding.
• In 1985 National Security Advisor Robert
  McFarlane persuaded Reagan to sell arms to Iran
  in hopes that Iran would help obtain the release
  of U.S. hostages in Lebanon.
• This violated a U.S. arms embargo.
• Members of the National Security Council staff
  then secretly diverted the money from the sale of
  arms to Iran to the Contras in Nicaragua.

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The Iran-Contra Affair

• Vice Admiral John Poindexter and Lieutenant
  Colonel Oliver North carried out the plan to
  divert arms sale money to the Contras.
• When the Iran-Contra affair came to light,
  Congress wanted to know if anyone higher up was
  involved.
• Reagan admitted authorizing the sale of arms to
  Iran but denied knowing that the money was then
  diverted to the Contras.
• Full details of the affair are not known because
  the administration engaged in a cover-up of their
  actions.
• North admitted destroying key documents.
• High-level Reagan staff members lied in testimony
  to Congress and withheld evidence.
• North was convicted of destroying documents and
  perjury. His conviction was overturned on
  technicalities.

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• In 1988 Reagans vice president, George H.W.
  Bush, won election to a term that saw dramatic
  changes in the world.

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Bush SR. (1988-1992)

• Home
• Increased taxes to pay off deficitunpopular
• Downsizingweapons companies
• downsized due to
• end of Cold War

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Bush Sr.

• Berlin Wall Falls in 1989
• Gorbachev resigns in 91 and replaced by Boris
  Yeltsin
• Destroyed USSR and replaced by a loose alliance
  of old Soviet Republics
• US becomes world big superpower and tries to
  establish a new world order

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THE END OF THE COLD WAR (1989)
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Fall of the Berlin Wall

• In 1989, many Soviet republics in the countries
  of Eastern Europe overthrew communist regimes
  and declared independence from the Soviet Union

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• Citizens of East Germany tore down the Berlin
  Wall which had been a symbol of Communist
  oppression

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Bush Sr.

• Persian Gulf War- 1990
• Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait
• Threaten Kuwait's oil supply to U.S.
• U.S. and U.N. created plan to stop invasion
• Lead by Collin Powell
• Operation Desert Storm, successful in 6 weeks
• Bush opted not to send troops to oust Hussein
• Tianamen Square
• Chinese student protest communist govt in
  Bejing..millions protest, govt sends military to
  stop millions killed

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Clinton - Home front

• Economy-reduced the deficit by increasing taxes
  and spending cuts
• Whitewater-Clinton accused of taking part in
  Fraudulent loans and land deals in Ark, hurts
  popularity
• Impeachment-Lewinsky
• Acquitted by the senate after investigations
  showed he was guilty, but not a high crime or
  misdemeanor

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Clinton-Abroad

• US tries to Spread Democracy
• NAFTA North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement 1992
• Promote economic cooperation in the western
  hemisphere
• Gradual removal of trade restrictions between US,
  Canada, and Mexico
• WTO- World Trade Organization signed to promote
  trade throughout the world-reduce tariffs abroad

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Clinton - Abroad

• NAFTA- WTO- showed goals of expanding US
  throughout world
• Public disliked and attacked the growing
  Influence of giant worldwide cooperation's
  (multi-national)
• Opponents-labor unions and environmentalist

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Bush Jr.

• Huge tax cuts
• Education Reform Bill for increase accountability
  for student performance

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9/11
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• 9/11
• 3,000 dead and missing
• Bin Laden prime suspect (leader of Taliban)
• Refused to give Bin Laden up
• Launched operation enduring freedom on military
  bases in Afghanistan
• Office of Homeland Security created

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2000 Election

• On election night votes in several states were
  too close to call b/c neither Bush nor Gore had
  the 270 electoral votes needed to win presidency
• FL-undecided, tip the balance
• Both sides made charges that recount was
  unfair..36 days of uncertainty
• Bush vs. Gore in Supreme Court by majority of 5
  to 4, Justices issued ruling that discontinued
  all recounts in FL

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Immigration Issues

• New and increasing immigration to the United
  States has been taking place from many diverse
  countries, especially Asian and Latin American
  countries.

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Immigration

• Push Factors reasons for leaving your country
• Pull factors reasons for entering another
  country

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PUSH FACTORS

• Unemployment
• Political instability
• Need for health care and education
• Famine

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PULL FACTORS

• Political freedom
• Job opportunities
• Stable government
• Good healthcare and education

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Effects of Immigration

• Bilingual education/English as a Second Language
  (ESL) courses
• Effects on public policy
• Politics/voting

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Effects on Politics

• Immigrant groups often vote as a group or not at
  all.
• They have a great deal of influence on politics
  in some cases
• Ex. Cuban immigrants influencing US policy
  towards Castro and Cuba

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Cultural contributions

• America has become a melting pot of various
  cultures.
• Ex. Foods Pasta, waffles, Chinese food, sushi,
  sausages, peanut butter, tacos, etc.

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Economic

• Many immigrants take low paying jobs that other
  people dont want.
• They pay better than jobs in their old countries
• Maids, construction worker, farm labor

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More Technology Advances

• Cable TV/24-hour news (CNN)
• Personal computers
• Cellular phones
• 200 million cell phones
• World Wide Web
• 214 million internet users

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Communications

• Widespread but unequal access to computers and
  instantaneous communication

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Telecommuting

• When workers use computers to work from home.
• Studies show that workers are more productive
• Ideal for families with small children and other
  concerns at home

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Distance learning

• Where students take some or all of their course
  work over a computer.
• Online chat rooms
• Submit papers online
• Reading online articles
• E-mailing teachers

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Genetic Engineering

• Genetically modified food
• Medicines
• Stem cell research
• Polio Vaccine discovered by
• Jonas Salk

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