CATTLE IMMUNOLOGY

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CATTLE IMMUNOLOGY

• Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS
• Professor and Extension Program Leader
• Texas AgriLife Extension Service
• Texas AM University System
• College Station, TX 77843
• http//extensionvetmed.tamu.edu

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INFECTIOUS VACCINES (ANTIGENS)

• TYPES
• modified live vaccines intramuscular,
  subcutaneous, intranasal
• modified live vaccines (body temperature
  sensitive) intranasal

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• IMMUNITY DURATION
• life-time (infection established, cellular and
  humoral immunity)
• one dose required
• annual boosters may not be required

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• CAUTION
• label restrictions (may be unapproved for
  pregnant cows/nursing calves)
• ineffectiveness (following non-infectious
  vaccine)

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NON-INFECTIOUS VACCINES (ANTIGENS)

• TYPES
• killed vaccines and bacterins intramuscular,
  subcutaneous
• toxoids and leukotoxoids intramuscular,
  subcutaneous
• modified live vaccines (body temperature
  sensitive) intramuscular

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• IMMUNITY DURATION
• 4 to 12 months (infection not established,
  humoral immunity)
• primary dose required (priming)
• secondary dose required 3 to 6 weeks later
  (within 4 months)
• annual or semiannual boosters required

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ANTISERA/ANTISERUM (ANTIBODIES)

• TYPES
• antitoxins subcutaneous
• monoclonal antibody oral

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• DURATION IMMUNITY
• 2 to 6 weeks (humoral immunity)

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DNA RECOMBINANT VACCINES

• None available for cattle

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VACCINE LABEL HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS

• FOLLOW THE LABEL
• refrigerate in use and storage
• use sanitary practices in use
• keep out of sunlight in use
• properly dispose of opened vials after use
• abide expiration date of unopened vials

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VACCINE LABEL USE DIRECTIONS

• FOLLOW THE LABEL
• dose
• route(s)
• withdrawal time for slaughter (21 to 60 days)

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VACCINE FAILURES

• NO RESPONSE (efficacy, stress, malnutrition)
• IMPROPER DOSE
• IMPROPER ROUTE

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• MISHANDLED (non-refrigerated, sunlight exposure,
  unsanitary)
• STORED OPENED VIALS
• EXPIRED VACCINE
• POOR QUALITY VACCINE

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• PRIMARY DOSE ONLY (non-infectious vaccine)
• IMMUNITY DURATION EXPIRED
• VACCINATION AFTER EXPOSURE (incubation period or
  latent period)

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Cow Herd Vaccines

• Precalving Vaccination of Cows and Heifers
• (7 to 9 months of pregnancy or twice a year)
• 4-way Viral BRD Vaccine
• Pasteurella Bacterin Leukotoxoid
• Haemophilus Bacterin
• 5-way Lepto Bacterin
• 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin
• Scour Vaccine
• Vibrio Bacterin
• Trich Vaccine

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• Prebreeding Vaccination of Replacement Heifers
  and Bulls
• 1. 4-way Viral BRD Vaccine
• 2. Pasteurella Bacterin Leukotoxoid
• 3. Haemophilus Bacterin
• 4. 5-way Lepto Bacterin
• 5. 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin
• 6. Vibrio Bacterin
• 7. Trich Vaccine (Heifers)
• 8. Anaplas Vaccine

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Calf Herd Vaccines

• Postcalving Vaccination of Nursing Calves (2 to 3
  months of age)
• 4-way Viral BRD
• Pasteurella Bacterin Leukotoxoid
• Haemophilus Bacterin
• 5-way Lepto Bacterin
• 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin

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• Preweaning Vaccination of Nursing Calves (3
  weeks before weaning)
• 1. 4-way Viral BRD Vaccine
• 2. Pasteurella Bacterin Leukotoxoid
• 3. Haemophilus Bacterin
• 4. 5-way Lepto Bacterin
• 5. 7-way or 8-way Blackleg Bacterin
• 6. Bangs Vaccine (Heifers)