Napoleon Rules France

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Napoleon Rules France
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Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
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Napoleon Comes to Power

• ? 1799 The Directory asks General Napoleon to
  help subdue uprisings
• ? Afterwards Napoleon decides to assume power
  over the government declares himself the new
  ruler of France
• (Had control of the army)

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Napoleon Rules France

• 1800 French people voted for Napoleon to be the
  leader if France (after he was already in
  power!!!)
• France achieved stability under Napoleon

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Napoleons Achievements

• strong central government
• stabilizes the French economy
• eliminated government corruption
• Relationship with the Church
• Napoleonic Code

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French Economy

• Napoleon set up an equal tax collection system
  (all 3 estates paid taxes!!!)
• Napoleon established a National Bank for the
  government to borrow from

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Napoleon eliminated government corruption

• He fired corrupt government officials
• Set up Lyces
• government run public schools for rich and poor
  children
• Became a model for public schools in America

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Lyces (Public Schools)
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Relationship with the Church

• Napoleon signed a Concordat (agreement) with Pope
  Pius VII
• Church would keep its prestige in France but not
  its
• control over French affairs
• agreement kept the French people happy, kept
  Napoleon in
• the favor of the Catholic Church

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Napoleonic Code

• His greatest achievement a comprehensive system
  of laws
• The code promoted order and authority over
  individual rights
• Brought order back to France

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Napoleonic Code (cont)

• Women lost the right to own/sell property

• Freedom of speech and the press were restricted

• Allowed slavery again in French colonies
• All of these were rights the Directory had
  granted and Napoleon lessoned

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Napoleons Empire 1811
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Napoleons Empire

• December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowns himself Emperor
  of France

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Napoleon Emperor of France
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Battle of Trafalgar

• October 21, 1805 off the coast of Spain
• Naval Battle Napoleon and Spanish allies vs.
  Great Britain
• France lost 22 ships Great Britain lost 0!!!
• Great Britains victory ensures Napoleon will
  never invade Great Britain beginning of
  Napoleons downfall

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Battle of Trafalgar
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Napoleons Battles Map
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(No Transcript)
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Peninsular War 1808-1814
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Peninsular War 1808-1814
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Peninsular War 1808-1814
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Peninsular War 1808-1814

• February 1808 Napoleon Invades Spain
• Spanish fought the French using
• Guerilla Tactics Hit and Run,
• Hide and seek

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Peninsular War (cont)

• Great Britain sends aid to Spanish Guerillas for
  the first few years
• By 1811 Great Britainand Portugal join
• Spain against
• Napoleon
• VS.

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Peninsular War Results

• Spain and Portugal nearly destroyed left in
  disarray until 1850s
• French Army severely weakened allows Napoleon to
  be defeated later
• Allows Great Britain to build other alliances
  against Napoleon
• Allows Great Britain to become preeminent power
  in Europe

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Trade Embargo 1806

• Napoleon did not want any nation under his
  control trading with Great Britain
• As a result he forbade France and all nations he
  controlled from any foreign trade whatsoever
• Trade Embargo crippled French economy
• Most controlled nations ignored the embargo and
  traded with Britain any ways

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Louisiana Purchase
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Louisiana Purchase

• Napoleon sells Louisiana Territory to America
  1803 to raise money for his wars with Great
  Britain (Amer. Pres. Thomas Jefferson)
• America pays 15 million for 530 million total
  acres Doubles Americas size

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Napoleon Invades Russia 1812
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Napoleon Invades Russia 1812

• Russia began to ignore Trade Embargo in 1811
• Napoleon was pissed used as an excuse to invade
  Russia
• June 22, 1812 Napoleon takes 600,000 troops to
  invade Russia

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Napoleon Invades Russia 1812

• Russians continuously retreated deeper into
  Russia burned everything as they retreated
• Slash and Burn Tactics
• This prevented Napoleons
• Troops from replenishing
• Food, supplies, water,
• Shelter Clothing, etc.

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Napoleon Invades Russia 1812

• By the time Napoleon reached Moscow it was
  destroyed and Russian government was gone
• Napoleons Invasion gained nothing!!!

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Napoleon Invades Russia 1812

• November 1812 Napoleon finally decides to retreat
  from Russia during a harsh winter

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Napoleon Invades Russia 1812

• Napoleon Invades Russia with 600,000 Troops He
  leaves with less than 40,000
• Most died from starvation,
• Hunger, freezing, not combat
• The Russian Invasion permanently cripples
  Napoleons army
• The Russian Invasion Allows Napoleon
• to be ultimately defeated
• soon after

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Napoleons Downfall

• Napoleons enemies take advantage of his
  weaknesses
• Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, and Austria
  join forces against him

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Battle of Leipzig

• October 1813, Germany
• Napoleons army was now weak and inexperienced
• The allies cut his army up easily
• Beginning of the end for Napoleon

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Napoleons Downfall

• March 1814 the Russian Czar and Prussian King
  parade through Paris

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Napoleons Downfall

• Napoleon wanted to fight on, his generals refused
• April 1814, Napoleon agreed to surrender
• was exiled to Elba (a tiny island off the Italian
  coast)

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Elba
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Elba
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Napoleons Comeback

• King Louis XVIII (brother of King Louis XVI)
  becomes king of France

• he quickly became unpopular amongst the peasants
  for trying to restore the old (pre-revolution)
  order to France

News spread to Napoleon Napoleon escaped Elba
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Napoleons Comeback
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Battle of WaterlooJune 15, 1815
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Battle of Waterloo

• Napoleon attacked the British at Waterloo,
  Belgium
• The Prussian army arrived later in the day to
  help the British

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Battle of Waterloo

• 2 days later Napoleons army fled the battle
  field in defeat June 1815
• this ended Napoleons last bid for power (called
  The Hundred Days)

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Napoleons 2nd Downfall

• Napoleon was this time exiled to St. Helena (s
  remote island in the South Atlantic)
• He lived there in lonely exile for 6 years
• He died of stomach cancer in 1821

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St. Helena
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Napoleons Legacy

• He was a military genius and brilliant
  administrator
• Millions of lives were lost in his wars
• His legal code and reforms in French government
  outlived him
• Napoleons defeat allowed European countries to
  establish the new government in France
• They brought back King Louis XVIII to rule as a
  Constitutional Monarch

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Congress of Vienna 1815

• Meeting of major powers of Europe after
  Napoleons 2nd Downfall
• Purpose was to bring stability to Europe with
  Napoleon out of the way
• Redrew the map of Europe
• Temporarily Resolved differences between European
  nations
• Many weaker nations and France not happy with
  results
• Restores King Louis XVIII as ruler of France

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Congress of Vienna 1815