Chapter 2 Colonizing America 15191733

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Chapter 2Colonizing America (1519-1733)
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Why It Matters

• Spanish, French, and English colonists came to
  North America. The colonies they founded often
  reflected the values and traditions of their
  homelands. These values and traditions helped
  shape core beliefs that most Americans share
  today.

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The Impact Today

• Several developments of the early colonial period
  are evident in our nation today
• The language culture of the southwestern U.S.
  reflect the influence of the early Spanish
  settlers
• Religious conflicts convinced the colonists of
  the importance of toleration and freedom of
  religion, values important to Americans today

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The Impact Today cont

• The democratic traditions and institutions of the
  modern U.S. originated during colonial times.

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• In the spring of 1519, a courier arrived in
  Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec empire. He had
  news for the emperor, Montezuma II. Bearded white
  men bearing crosses were encamped on the eastern
  shores of the emperors realm.
• Montezuma was worried. For several years he had
  heard reports of strange men with very light
  skin operating in the Caribbean. His subjects
  had also seen towers or small mountains floating
  on the waves of the sea. Now these strange white
  men had come to his

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• lands, and Montezuma did not know what to do.
• The men on the coast were Spanish soldiers. As
  they watched the soldiers, the people of eastern
  Mexico felt both fear and awe. One Aztec later
  recalled
• They came in battle array, as conquerorstheir
  spears glinted in the sun, and their pennons
  fluttered like bats. They made loud clamor as
  they marched, for their coats of mail and their
  weapons clashed and rattledThey terrified
  everyone who saw them.

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I. The Conquest of Mexico

• Hernan Cortes led march into Aztec empire
• Velasquez conquered Cuba in 1511. Asked Cortes
  to march into Yucatan Peninsula to find people to
  work for the Spanish

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• Hernan Cortes

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• Diego Velazquez

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• Once Cortes reached the Yucatan, he found a
  shipwrecked sailor to be his translator. Still
  was attacked by thousands of warriors from a
  nearby city.
• Battle showed Spanish had technological advantage
  over the localskilled over 200 warriors quickly
  with their swords, crossbows, guns, and cannons.

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• Malinche translated for Cortes he was
  impressed had her baptized and changed her name
  to Dona Marina.
• Quetzalcoatl prophesied God that would someday
  return from the E to conquer the Aztecs (fair
  skinned, bearded beauty)

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II. Cortes Defeats the Aztec

• Tenochtitlan astonished the Spanish
• Cortes took Montezuma hostage
• Aztec priests became enraged at their loss of
  power and organized rebellion in 1520
• Battle went on for daysMontezuma was killed
  during the battle. 450 Spaniards died in battle
  compared with 4,000 Aztecs who died.

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III. New Spain Expands

• Ordered a new city to be built on top of
  Tenochtitlan, and he called it Mexico
• Pizarro conquered the Incas in 1532

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A. Cities of Gold

• Explorers looking for 7 Golden Cities of Cibola
• Hernando de Soto expedition N of FL as they
  marched across the region Spanish killed many
  Native Americans raided villages for supplies

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B. Spanish Settle SW

• Spanish gave term New Mexico to territory N of
  New Spain
• Pedro de Peralta, 1st gov of NM, founded capital
  city Santa Fe in 1609 or 1610 Spanish build
  presidios throughout region for protection and
  trading posts.

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IV. Spanish American Society

• The Encomienda System
• A Society Based on Class
• Birth, income, and education determined a
  persons position
• Council of the Indies
• Mining and Ranching - silver

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V. French Empire in America

• Verrazano sent to map North Americas coastline
  (king looking for Northwest Passage)
• Jacques Cartier discovered and mapped the St.
  Lawrence River came back a 3rd time to found a
  colony but left b/c of harsh winter

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VI. New France

• Champlain founded French colony in Canada named
  it New France.
• Life Most French were coureurs de bois (runners
  of the woods) fur traders
• De la Salle 1st Euro to discover the MS River
• Settled Louisiana
• 1st permanent European town in North America St
  Augustine by the Spanish

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