SPISP

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Luis P. Eleazar, Robert A. Mohammed, Erlyzita B.
Biasbas, and Tetsuro Miyazato
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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Presentation Outline

• Introduction and Background
• SPISP Southern Philippines Irrigation Sector
  Project
• PIM T Participatory Irrigation Management and
  Transfer
• Features of PIM T
• Benefits Results / Conclusion
• Video Presentation (Participatory Approach)
  evening

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Total Project Cost 102 Million
ADB Loan 60.0 Million (59) Government
33.1 Million (32) Beneficiaries
8.9 Million ( 9)
Implementation Period 2000-2005 (6 years)
Implementing Agencies
1. National Irrigation Administration

2. Province Government of Agusan del Norte
LGU
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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Project Description

• The Project will construct and improve irrigation
  systems, strengthen system OM beneficiary
  participation, and capacity building

• The Project will develop irrigation and drainage
  facilities for 18,300 ha for rice and other
  crops, benefit about 10,000 farm households

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Project Objectives and Scope

• Main objective of the Project is to reduce
  poverty by increasing the income of about 10,000
  farm households

• Management and control of degraded watersheds,
  resettlement of displaced populations, control
  schistosomiasis, and development of indigenous
  people

• Users participation and capacity building in all
  phases of development and transfer of irrigation
  assets to water users associations (WUAs)

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Project Components -- 4 components
1. Participation and Transfer Component

• Involves development, field testing,
  documentation and implementation of a
  participatory process designed to involve users
  in decision making, organize WUAs, build their
  capacity for sustained OM and transfer
  irrigation systems to self-reliant WUAs.
• Develops/improves procedures and practices on (i)
  equity (cost sharing) contribution, (ii) phased
  support and training for transfer, and (iii)
  participatory process.

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Project Components contn.
2. Physical Infrastructure Component

• Involves developing irrigation systems and
  farm-to-market roads

3. Environmental and Social Measures Component

• Involves measures to avoid or mitigate any
  adverse environmental or social impacts,
  includes Environmental Integrity on Watersheds,
  Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plans,
  Indigenous Peoples Development, Schistosomiasis
  Control, Income Generation Activities,
  Strengthening Womens Role in Development

4. Project Management Component

• Involves training agency staff, project
  implementation support and management.

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Basic Principles of SPISP

• Participation viewed as means to empowerment of
  beneficiaries (farmers, women, indigenous
  people), giving them the right to endorse or
  reject a subproject and the right to own an
  irrigation system.

• Farm household is member of water users
  association (WUA), giving men and women and their
  adult children equal status in organizational
  affairs.

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

The PIM T Process
About 6 years for WUA Capacity Building
2/3
½
About 2 years
3 years after completion
FS
DD
Construction

System Management Agricultural Development
FS Feasibility Study DD Detailed Design
TRANSFER
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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

2. Agricultural Development


2.1

Regimented Cropping Calendar

and Planting Practices

2.2

Farm Inputs/Farming Practices

2.3

Post Harvest Facilities

7. Policy Development for System

2.4

Marketing Services

Management Agricultural

2.5

Credit Support

Development


3. WUA Periodic Monitoring

8. Drafting, Review, Negotiation

Evaluation of SMAD Activities

Signing of System Management

Agricultural Development (SMAD)
4. Drafting, Review, Negotiation

MOA


Signing of Transfer MOA


Note Underscored activities (in gold letters)
signify the Milestones under each phase
.


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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

The Cascading System of Small Group Activities
Consultants and NIA
Federation of WUAs
Water Users Associations (WUAs)
On-the-Job Training
TSAGs/Farmer Groups
Supervision and Support

Informed Collective Decision Making
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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Informed Collective Decision Making

• Cascading system -- small group activities and
  decision making is a key strategy to build local
  capacity for informed collective decision making
  (ICDM).
• Capacity building focuses on the entire
  membership through on-the-job training to ensure
  mass-based participation in ICDM, and sustained
  organizational leadership and development.

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Attributes of PIM T

• Cost contribution by water userscontribute 25
  to investment cost
• Community review and endorsement culminating
  activity of the Feasibility Study Phase
• Transfer of irrigation assets to water users
  associations

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Attributes of PIM T (contd)

• Membership in an WUA -- equal access to
  irrigation water, non-members are not entitled to
  receive water.
• Each water users association elects women as
  officers to least 25 of positions --incentives
  for greater participation, and demand for
  improved capacity.

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

User participation in the Feasibility Study
Participation is a time consuming process
Constraints on farmers time limits
participation
Phased sequence of group activities and OJT
helps farmers to participate effectively

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Integration of the Institutional and
Technical Processes
Integration of processes requires staff
reorientation
Changes in staff attitudes to process
simplification remains a challenge
Specific policy guidelines on integration is
a requisite management response

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Assessment of Participation

• Assessment from users point of view NOT costs to
  agency (but about 7 or 6.9 M of 102M)
• Methods
• Self Assessment by IA members
• Facilitated assessment of IA effectiveness
• Focus Group Discussions (FDGs) to assess and
  refine the process

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Dimensions Indicators
1. Membership 1.1 FG / TSAG formation 1.2
Development activities 2. Leadership 2.1
Representation 2.2 Meeting facilitation

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Dimension Indicators (contd)
3. Skills for planning and policy 3.1 Group
process 3.2 Self-assessment 3.3
Enforcement 4. Skills for ICDM 4.1 Influence
on proposed scheme 4.2 Information flow 4.3
Decision-making flow

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Dimension Indicators (contd)
5. Understanding irrigation 5.1 Clarity of
proposed scheme 5.2 Identify and prioritize
agricultural needs 6. Sense of community 6.1
Membership 6.2 Concern for group 7. Group
values 7.1 Shared understanding 7.2 Trust and
confidence among members

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Results and Implications

• Higher participation, better understanding and
  articulation of capacity building benefits both
  individual and organizational
• Group capacity increases as the process
  progresses
• Greater understanding and anticipation of
  irrigation benefits results in more participation

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Results and Implications (contd)

• Heterogeneity of users difference of perceived
  benefits
• large landholders and education leadership and
  management skills
• smaller farmers and less education group
  capacity
• risk large vs. small
• Capacity Building - Appreciation of opportunity
  to test skills

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SPISP

• Measuring Benefits of Participatory Approach

Farmers Perception of Empowerment

• Influence development scheme
• Negotiation for improved benefits construction
  income, equity generation
• Improved linkage with government units for
  improved infrastructure and greater access to
  assistance
• Boost confidence, exchange ideas, resolve
  conflicts, and plan for the future
• ICDM for collective action and consensus