Shoulder

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Shoulder

• Chapter 5

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Shoulder regions

• Scapulohumeral rhythm
• Sternoclavicular joints are only skeletal
  connection between UE and trunk
• Acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints
• Movements elevation, depression, abduction,
  adduction, protraction, retraction, rotation,
  tilt
• Shoulder girdle scapula and clavicle
• Shoulder joint humerus and glenoid fossa of
  scapula

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Shoulder bony anatomy
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Fig 5.3 a b
Protraction (Abduction) Retraction (Adduction)
Elevation Depression
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Fig 5.3 c d
Upward rotation Downward rotation
Upward tilt Reduction of Upward Tilt
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Shoulder Girdle Muscles

• Anterior pectoralis minor, serratus anterior,
  subclavius
• Posterior levator scapulae, rhomboids,
  trapezius
• Pectoralis Minor scapular downward rotation,
  depression, protraction
• Medial pectoral nerve
• Serratus Anterior scapular protraction, upward
  rotation
• Long thoracic nerve
• Subclavius stabilizes sternoclavicular joint

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Shoulder girdle muscles

• Levator Scapulae elevation and downward
  rotation
• 3rd-4th cervical nerves
• Rhomboids downward rotation, retraction,
  elevation
• Dorsal scapular nerve
• Trapezius elevation, adduction
• Upper Trap
• Middle Trap
• Lower Trap
• spinal accessory nerve, C3, C4

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Shoulder Joint Muscles

• Anterior pectoralis major, coracobrachialis,
  subscapularis, biceps brachii
• Posterior infraspinatus, teres major
• Pectoralis Major flexion, horizontal adduction,
  inward rotation of humerus
• pectoral nerve
• Deltoid nearly all movements of arm from
  shoulder joint, inward rotation of humerus,
  abduction, hyperextension, flexion, horizontal
  adduction
• axillary nerve

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Shoulder Joint Muscles

• Coracobrachialis forward movements of humerus
• musculocutaneous nerve
• Subscapularis part of rotator cuff, stabilizes
  glenohumeral joint
• subscapular nerve
• Biceps brachii flexion and adduction ,
  horizontal adduction
• musculocutaneous nerve

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Shoulder Joint Muscles

• Supraspinatus abduction of humerus
• suprascapular nerve
• Infraspinatus lateral rotation, horizontal
  abduction, stabilize humerus during flexion, part
  of rotator cuff muscles
• suprascapular nerve
• Teres Minor lateral rotation, horizonal
  abduction, stabilize humerus during flexion, part
  of rotator cuff muscles
• axillary nerve

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Shoulder Joint Muscles

• Latissimus Dorsi extension and adduction of arm
• throracodorsal nerve
• Teres Major shoulder extension, adduction,
  medial rotation
• subscapular nerve
• Triceps Brachii adduction, extension,
  hyperextension of humerus
• radial nerve

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Shoulder Joint Reinforcement

• Ligaments
• Coracohumeral
• Glenohumeral
• Coracoacromial
• Muscles
• Above supraspinatus long head of biceps
• Below long head of triceps
• Front subscapularis, pectoralis major, teres
  major
• Behind infraspinatus teres minor