AH1009: Language Tools for Ancient History: Latin

1
AH1009 Language Tools for Ancient History Latin

• Assessment
• -Open-book test 1 hour (75 of mark)
• -Source report (25 of mark) 1 Dec.
• -Attendance
• -Regular exercises during the course
• -Homework

2
Source project

• A prescribed source will be available on the
  Blackboard
• Transcription of the Latin text of your source
• Provide an English translation of the source
• Accurate references for the publications used for
  the translation
• Description of the source objective information
  who? When? Where?...
• Evaluate the source why? What significance?
  Problems?...
• Short bibliography for study of the source

3
Homework

• Compare both translations of Horace and Livy,
  note the main differences and choose the one you
  prefer? Try to explain why.
• Who was Horace?
• One of the greatest Latin poets (65-8 BC).
  Augustean Age Author of Letters, Odes (carmina),
  Epodes, Satirae, Carmen Saeculare
• Who was Livy?
• Roman historian (59 BC 17 AD). Author of Ab
  Urbe Condita (From the Founding of the City), a
  history of Rome from its mythical foundation,
  connected to Aeneas and the fall of Troy to the
  Augustean age.

4
Latin in our City!
5
Ut Vitam Habeant

• Is this phrase familiar to you?

6
Ut Vitam Habeant
So that they may have Life
7
War Memorial Monument
The motto of the University recalls the War
Memorial Monument, dedicated to the fallen during
WWI. The site of the university was donated by
the textile manufacturer Thomas Fielding Johnson
(1018) in order to keep the memory of dead alive
Ut Vitam Habeant
Latin is resorted to here to bridge past and
present and to preserve the memory of those gone
through knowledge and learning
8
University logos
9
University logos
10
Some university mottos

• University of Southern Queensland
• Per Studia Mens Nova
• Through study the mind is made new
• Université Livre de Bruxelles
• Scientia Vincere Tenebras
• "Conquering darkness by science
• University of Winnipeg
• Lux et Veritas Floreant
• Let Light and Truth Flourish

11
Some University mottos

• University of Heidelberg
• Semper apertus
• Always open
• University of Cádiz
• Non plus ultra
• Nothing further beyond
• University of Sheffield
• Rerum cognoscere causas
• To discover the causes of things

12
Ancient Alphabets
13
Greek and Italic Alphabets
14
Italic peoples
15
The Roman Empire
16
Some things to know about the Latin Alphabet and
its pronunciation

• Roman Latin has no W
• Roman Latin has no J. I is used instead
• v is used also as u
• c pronounced like k not like s
• g pronounced as in get
• i before a vowel is a consonant, pronounced
  like y as a vowel like thik (short) or
  ski (long)
• t always hart
• v pronounced like w
• a like ah (short) and ha! (long)
• e like pet (short) and they (long)
• o like for (short) and holy (long)
• u like put (short( and true (long
• Diphthongs two vowels pronounced like a
  syllable ae (sky) au (how) ei (say)

17
Some examples of ancient Latin texts

• Literary sources
• Caeca amorest (Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 1259)
• Love blinds her
• Alea iacta est (Suetonius, De vita Caesarum,
  Caesar 33, 1)
• The die is cast
• Debemur morti nos nostraeque (Horace Ars Poetica
  63)
• We and ours are a debt owed to death

18
Epigraphy

• Funerary inscription
• D M S
• VIPSANIAE
• ATTICILLAE
• ANN XXVIII
• M VLPIVS AVG LIB LVPV
• VXORI
• D(iis) M(anibus) S(acrum) /
• Vipsaniae / Atticillae / Ann(orum) XXVIII /
• M(arcus) Vlpivs Avg(usti) lib(ertus)
• Lupu(s) / uxori
• Italica (Spain), 2nd century AD

19
Epigraphy

• Honorary inscription
• Ti(berio) Claudio
• Caesari Aug(usto)
• Germanico
• pont(ifici) max(imo) trib(unicia) pot(estate)
• III imp(eratori) IIII p(atri) p(atriae)
  co(n)s(uli) III
• cives Romani manti-
• culari negotiatores
• C(aio) Vibio Rufino leg(ato) pro pr(aetore)

20
Epigraphy

• Sundial
• Da mihi solem, dabo tibi horam
• Give me the sun and I will give you the hour

21
Epigraphy

• Vindolanda Tablets . Letter 291, leaf 1
• "Claudia Severa to her Lepidina
• greetings. On 11 September, sister,
• For the day of the celebration of my
• birthday, I give you a warm invitation
• to make sure that you come to us, to
• make the day more enjoyable for me
• by your arrival, if you are present (?).
• Give my greetings to your Cerialis.
• My Aelius and my little son send him
• (?) their greetings. (2nd hand) I shall
• expect you, sister. Farewell, sister,
• my dearest soul, as I hope to
• prosper, and hail. (Back, 1st hand) To
• Sulpicia Lepidina, wife of
• Cerialis, from Severa."

22
Epigraphy
23
Epigraphy

• Graffiti. Pompeii

24
Epigraphy
25
Epigraphy
26
Epigraphy
27
Epigraphy

• Mosaics

28
Coins
NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P /
POR AVG
29
A little bit grammar to start

• Some terms you should get used to
• Ablative
• Accusative
• Case
• Conjugation
• Dative
• Declension
• Decline

• Definite/indefinite article
• Gender Genitive
• Locative
• Nominative
• Noun
• Person
• Tense
• Verb
• Vocative

30
A little bit grammar to start(Grammar p. 33)

• Verb a word that describes an action. Verbs fall
  into four main patterns, called conjugations.
  Forms of a verb have a number, person, and tense

31

• Number refers to how many singular or plural
• Person refers to first person (I, we), second
  person (you), and third person (he/she/it/they)
• Tense refers to when, such as the present or
  future

32
First Conjugation amo
See page 36 of your Grammar
33
Verb open your dictionary

• What you will see in your dictionary for a verb
  is an entry like this amo 1 v love
• The first form you see is the first person
  singular of the present tense, and the numeral
  refers to the conjugation

34
First Conjugation, present active

• Some verbs amo (love) fugo (I chase) paro (I
  prepare) laboro (I work) nauigo (I sail),
  ambulo (I walk) celo (I hide) dubito (I doubt)
  habito (I live in/inhabit) voco (I call),
  festino (I hasten, hurry)

35
For our first Latin sentence

• We need at least a noun too

36
Nouns

• Nouns fall into five declensions
• For our purposes, there are five cases
  nominative, genitive, dative, ablative,
  accusative
• All nouns are either singular or plural
• All nouns have gender, that is, they are
  masculine, feminine, or neuter

37
Noun cases

• Nominative subject of a sentence or the
  complement of a verb
• The dog of my friend brings me a bone from the
  house
• The dog
• Accusative the usual case of a direct object
  many prepositions take the accusative
• bone

38
Noun cases

• Genitive the case that shows possession
• of my friend my friends
• Dativ the case of an indirect object. Among his
  manu meaning are to or for
• me
• Ablative a case with the basic meaning of by,
  with, from, at, in or on some
  prepositions take ablative
• from the house

39
Noun cases. More examples
40
Using your Dictionary
41

• What you will see in your dictionary for a noun
  is an entry like this terra, -ae f earth
• The forms are the nominative singular and the
  genitive singular ending, so if written out would
  look like this terra, terrae
• The f is giving you the gender of the noun, so
  it will be either f, m, or n

42
Noun First Declension(stems in a)

• Puella (girl)
• Singular Plural
• nom. puell-a puell-ae
• acc. puell-am puell-as
• gen. puell-ae puell-arum
• dat. puell-ae puell-is
• abl. puell-a puell-is
• page 16 of your grammar

43
Try your first sentence in Latin!

• How would you write in Latin the girl loves
  and I love the girl?
• What does puellae amant mean?
• Note person and number always must fit
• See pages 16 and 36 (for the 1st conjugation,
  use amo instead paro

44
Noun Second DeclensionMasculine and neuter
(stems in o)

• Masculine Dominus (master)
• Singular Plural
• nom. domin-us domin-i
• acc. domin-um domin-os
• gen. domin-i domin-orum
• dat. domin-o domin-is
• abl. domin-o domin-is
• page 16 of your grammar

45
Exercise

• Try to make two sentences with the noun dominus
  and the verb ambulo (walk)
• See pages 16 and 36 of your grammar

46
Noun Second DeclensionMasculine and neuter
(stems in o)

• Neuter Bellum (war)
• Singular Plural
• nom. bell-um bell-a
• acc. bell-um bell-a
• gen. bell-i bell-orum
• dat. domin-o bell-is
• abl. domin-o bell-is
• page 16 of your grammar

47
Exercise

• Try to make two sentences with the noun bellum
  and the verb paro (prepare)
• See pages 16 and 36 of your grammar

48
Some useful nouns (1st-2nd)

• First declension puella,-ae (f) girl nauta,
  -ae (m) sailor dea, -ae (f) goddess femina,
  -ae (f) woman poeta -ae (f) poet agricola,
  -ae (m) farmer cena, -ae (f) dinner.
• Second declension taurus, -i (m) seruus, -i (m)
  slave dominus, -i (m) master deus, -I (m)
  god equus, -i (m) horse bellum, -i (n) war
  Romulus, -i (m) Romulus Romanus, -i (m) Roman
  Puer, -i (m) boy magister, -i (m) teacher