CIS 275

1
CIS 275Web App Dev I

• XML

2
Introduction to XML

• XML stands for ________________________.
• HTML was designed to display data.
• XML was designed to _________ data.
• With XML, you define your own _______.
• Sample XML document
• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"ISO-8859-1"?gt
• ltnotegt
• lttogtTovelt/togt
• ltfromgtJanilt/fromgt
• ltheadinggtReminderlt/headinggt
• ltbodygtDon't forget me this weekend!lt/bodygt
• lt/notegt

eXtensible Markup Language
describe
tags
3
How can XML be Used?

• With XML, data can be stored separately from the
  ______ code.
• With XML, data are stored in plain _____ format.
• With XML, data can be exchanged between
  ____________ systems.
• Important languages like _____ are written in
  XML.
• XML is important for _____ applications.

HTML
text
incompatible
WML
B2B
4
XML Document Structure

• Sample XML document
• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"ISO-8859-1"?gt
• ltnotegt
• lttogtTovelt/togt
• ltfromgtJanilt/fromgt
• ltheadinggtReminderlt/headinggt
• ltbodygtDon't forget me this weekend!lt/bodygt
• lt/notegt
• The XML document above consists of
• an XML ___________
• One ______ element
• Four _______ elements

declaration
root
child
5
XML Syntax
closing

• All XML elements must have a _________ tag.
• XML tags are ______ sensitive.
• XML elements must be properly nested.
• ltbgtltigtThis text is bold and italiclt/igtlt/bgt
• All XML documents must have a ______ element.
• Attribute values must be _________.
• ltnote date"12/11/2002"gt
• Comments in XML look like this
• lt!-- This is a comment --gt

case
root
quoted
6
XML Elements

• XML documents are _________. New elements can be
  added without crashing an existing application.
• XML elements have ____________ (there are parent,
  child, and sibling elements).
• Elements have content
• Some have only element content (e.g., the root
  element)
• Some have simple (_____) content
• lttitlegtMy First XMLlt/titlegt
• Some have mixed content (element and simple)
• Some have no content
• ltprod id"33-657" media"paper"gtlt/prodgt
• Elements may have ___________

extensible
relationships
text
attributes
7
Element Content

• In this example, ltbookgt has _________ content,
  because it contains other elements.
• ltchaptergt has _______ content because it contains
  both text and other elements.
• ltparagt has ________ content (or text content)
  because it contains only text.
• ltprodgt has _______ content, because it carries no
  information.

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"ISO-8859-1"?gt
• ltbookgt
• lttitlegtMy First XMLlt/titlegt
• ltprod id"33-657" media"paper"gtlt/prodgt
• ltchaptergtIntroduction to XML
• ltparagtWhat is HTMLlt/paragt
• ltparagtWhat is XMLlt/paragt
• lt/chaptergt
• ltchaptergtXML Syntax
• ltparagtElements must have a closing taglt/paragt
• ltparagtElements must be properly nestedlt/paragt
• lt/chaptergt
• lt/bookgt

element
mixed
simple
empty
8
XML Attributes

• Element attributes are not part of the data, but
  contain information about the data.
• ltfile type"gif"gtcomputer.giflt/filegt
• You should try to avoid using attributes,
  especially if the information feels like basic
  data.
• One good use of attributes is for _____________.
• ltmessagesgt
• ltnote id"p501"gt
• lttogtTovelt/togt
• ltfromgtJanilt/fromgt
• ltheadinggtReminderlt/headinggt
• ltbodygtDon't forget me this weekend!lt/bodygt
• lt/notegt

identification
9
XML Validation
syntax

• A well formed XML document has correct _______.
• A valid XML document is both well formed and
  conforms to a DTD (__________ Type Definition).
• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"ISO-8859-1"?gt
  lt!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "InternalNote.dtd"gt
• A DTD defines document structure and legal
  ______.
• An XML _________ is the W3C alternative to DTD.
• Invalid XML documents will not execute properly.
• See http//www.w3.org/XML/Schema.html for
  details.
• XML validators
• http//www.w3schools.com/dom/dom_validate.asp

Document
elements
Schema
10
Internal DOCTYPE Declaration

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"ISO-8859-1"?gt
• lt!DOCTYPE note
• lt!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)gt
• lt!ELEMENT to (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT from (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT heading (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT body (PCDATA)gt
• gt
• ltnotegt
• lttogtTovelt/togt
• ltfromgtJanilt/fromgt
• ltheadinggtReminderlt/headinggt
• ltbodygtDon't forget me this weekendlt/bodygt
• lt/notegt
• PCDATA means _______ character data.

parsed
11
External DOCTYPE Declaration

• XML (note.xml)
• lt?xml version"1.0"?gt
• lt!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "note.dtd"gt
• ltnotegt
• lttogtTovelt/togt
• ltfromgtJanilt/fromgt
• ltheadinggtReminderlt/headinggt
• ltbodygtDon't forget me this weekendlt/bodygt
• lt/notegt

• DTD (note.dtd)
• lt!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)gt
• lt!ELEMENT to (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT from (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT heading (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT body (PCDATA)gt

12
Why use a DTD?

• With DTD, your XML files can carry a description
  of its own _________ with it.
• With a DTD, independent groups of people can
  agree to use a common DTD for ___________ data.
• Your application can use a _________ DTD to
  verify that the data you receive from the outside
  world is valid.
• You can also use a DTD to _______ your own data.

format
interchanging
standard
verify
13
Viewing XML Files

• An XML document can be viewed in IE 5.0 by
  typing the URL or double-clicking the icon.
• Look at this XML file note.xml.
• Invalid XML files will not display
  note_error.xml.
• Other Examples
• An XML CD catalog
• An XML plant catalog
• A Simple Food Menu

14
Displaying XML with CSS

• You can view an XML with the help of a CSS, but
  this is not the future of XML.
• Take a look at this pure XML file The CD Catalog
• Then look at this style sheet The CSS file
• Finally, view the CD Catalog formatted with the
  CSS file
• You can write a web page using XML, but this is
  not recommended A homepage written in XML.
• ______ (HTML defined as XML) is recommended for
  creating web pages.

XHTML
15
Displaying XML with XSL

• XSL (__________ Style Language) is the preferred
  style sheet language of XML.
• XSL is far more sophisticated than CSS.
• If you have Netscape 6 or IE 5 or higher you can
  view the XML file and the XSL style sheet.
• View the result in IE 6
• View the result in IE 5

eXtensible
16
XML Embedded in HTML

• The unofficial ______ tag is used to embed XML
  data within HTML.
• ltxml id"note"gt
• ltnotegt
• lttogtTovelt/togt
• ltfromgtJanilt/fromgt
• ltheadinggtReminderlt/headinggt
• ltbodygtDon't forget me this weekend!lt/bodygt
• lt/notegt
• lt/xmlgt
• You can embed a separate XML file.
• ltxml id"note" src"note.xml"gt lt/xmlgt

ltxmlgt
17
Data Binding

• Example of binding a data island to an HTML
  element (in the following case, _______)
• lthtmlgt
• ltbodygt
• ltxml id"cdcat" src"cd_catalog.xml"gtlt/xmlgt
• lttable border"1" datasrc"cdcat"gt
• lttrgt
• lttdgtltspan datafld"ARTIST"gtlt/spangtlt/tdgt
• lttdgtltspan datafld"TITLE"gtlt/spangtlt/tdgt
• lt/trgt
• lt/tablegt
• lt/bodygt
• lt/htmlgt
• Here is the result.
• Here is the external XML file.

lttablegt