Diversity of Psychology p' 1

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Chapter 1 Introduction
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• Diversity of Psychology (p. 1)
• Problems in Writing a History of Psychology (p.
  2) 1
• Zeitgeist.
• Great person approach.
• Historical development approach (longitudinal).
• 3. Why Study the History of Psychology? (p. 3) 4
• 4. What is Science? (p. 5) 7
• A combination of rationalism and empiricism.
• The search for laws.
• Determinism.
• 5. Revisions in the Traditional View of Science
  (p. 7) 9
• Karl Popper (1902-1994) vs. Thomas Kuhn
  (1922-1996)
• 6. Is Psychology a Science? (p. 12) 14
• Determinism, indeterminism and nondeterminism

• How are humans related to animals?
• What is the origin of human knowledge?
• Objective vs. subjective reality.
• The problem of the self.
• Universalism vs. relativism.

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• Chisholms Depiction (Fig 1.1, p. 19) 17
• of Eight Views of the Mind/Body Relationship
• Interactionism
• Epiphenomenalism
• Materialism
• Idealism
• Double-Aspectism
• Parallelism
• Occasionalism
• Pre-Established Harmony

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• Discuss the choices that must be made before
  writing a history of psychology. Include in your
  answer a distinction between presentism and
  historicism. (pp. 2-3)
• What is gained by studying the history of
  psychology? (pp. 3-5)
• Summarize the major characteristics of science.
  (pp. 5-7)
• Discuss why psychology can be described both as a
  science and as a nonscience. Include in your
  answer the characteristics of science that some
  psychologists are unwilling to accept while
  studying humans. (where?)
• In what ways did Poppers view of science differ
  from the traditional view? (pp. 7-9)
• According to Popper, what are the two primary
  reasons that theories such as those of Freud and
  Adler are unscientific? (pp. 8-9)
• Summarize Kuhns views on how sciences change.
  Include in your answer the definitions of the
  terms preparadigmatic discipline, paradigm,
  normal science, and scientific revolution. (pp.
  9-11)
• Within the realm of science, what is the
  correspondence theory of truth? Explain why it
  can be said that Popper accepted this theory and
  Kuhn did not? (p. 12)
• Summarize Feyerabends view of science. (p. 12)
• Should psychology aspire to become a
  single-paradigm discipline ? Defend your answer.
  (p. 15)
• Is psychology a science? Defend your answer.
  (pp. 12-15)
• Define the terms physical determinism, psychical
  determinism, indeterminism, and nondeterminism.
  (pp. 13-14)
• Distinguish between hard determinism and soft
  determinism. (pp. 14-15)
• What does a theory of human nature attempt to
  accomplish? (p. 14)
• Summarize the various proposed answers to the
  mind-body problem. Include in your answer
  definitions of the terms monism, dualism,
  materialism, idealism, emergentism,
  interactionism, psychophysical parallelism,
  epiphenomenalism, preestablished harmony, double
  aspectism, and occasionalism. (pp. 15-16)
• Discuss the nativist and empiricist explanations
  of the origin of human attributes. (pp. 16-17)

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• First describe the positions of mechanism and
  vitalism and then indicate which of the two
  positions you accept and why. (pp. 17-18)
• Discuss rationalism and irrationalism as they
  apply to explanations of human behavior. (p. 18)
• Describe how each of the following would explain
  how we gain knowledge the empiricist, the
  rationalist, and the nativist. (pp. 18-19)
• Discuss the problems involved in discovering and
  explaining discrepancies that may exist between
  what is physically before us and what we
  experience subjectively. Define and give an
  example of reification. (p. 19)
• For what reasons has a concept of self been
  employed by psychologists? What problems does
  this concept solve, and what problems does it
  create? (pp. 19-20)
• Summarize the debate between universalism and
  relativism concerning the nature of truth. (p. 20)

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End