INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR IHY

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Why IHY? Historical Perspective

• First International Polar Year
• January 1875 at the Academy of Sciences in Vienna
  Carl Weyprecht suggested a coordinated study of
  the north polar region
• Polar meteorological and magnetic observations
  commenced on Aug 1, 1882 and concluded Sep 1,
  1883
• Second International Polar Year
• Scientific activities were significantly limited
  by the world-wide economic depression
• Polar meteorological and magnetic observations to
  be made in 1932-1933, fifty years after the first
  IPY

• International Geophysical Year
• The IGY involved about 60,000 scientists from 66
  nations
• To obtain simultaneous, global observations on
  Earth and in space

The obvious next step is to extend global studies
into the Heliosphere to incorporate the drivers
of Geophysical change into the global system-The
IHY.
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Why Now?

• A large armada of existing or planned spacecraft
  are in place to provide the most comprehensive
  global measurements of the sun-earth
  interplanetary system yet obtained
• Earth based resources can provide measurements of
  terrestrial effects at the poles and elsewhere
• International collaboration is easier today than
  in previous international years with abundant and
  cheap electronic communication available
• No single country has sufficient resources to
  obtain all required observations
• The time is ripe for IHY global studies.

STEREO
ACE
SOHO
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Space Missions Operating in the IHY Timeframe
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IHY Scientific Goals

• Provide benchmark measurements of the response of
  the magnetosphere, the ionosphere, the lower
  atmosphere and Earth surface to identify global
  processes and drivers which affect the
  terrestrial environment
• Global study of the Sun-heliosphere system
  outward to the heliopause to understand the
  external drivers of geophysical change
• Foster international scientific cooperation in
  the study of Heliophysical phenomena now and in
  the future
• To communicate the unique scientific results of
  the IHY to the interested scientific community
  and to the general public

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Status

• WSC/COSPAR planning session October 2002
• EGU Session in Spring 2003
• UK Community Workshop November 2003
• IAU International Planning Committee established
• IHY plan submitted to ICSU December 2003 as part
  of the overall IPY plan for 2007
• COSPAR and AGU endorsements under consideration
• IHY incorporated into response for Udall
  resolution on the IGY
• US planning workshop held at Sac Peak Observatory
  April 20-22, 2004
• UN resolution underway

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IHY and You
IHY consists of a comprehensive campaign to
observe and study the connected Sun-Earth
system. The goals of IHY overlap with the goals
of many organizations

• To obtain a coordinated set of observations to
  study, on Heliophysical scales, the
  solar-generated events which affect life and
  climate on Earth
• To document and report these observations and
  provide a forum for the development of new
  scientific results utilizing these observations
• To foster international cooperation in the study
  of Heliophysical phenomena now and in the future
• To communicate the unique scientific results of
  the IHY to the scientific community as well as
  the world population

• Through the participation of you and your
  organization, we can ensure that the efforts of
  IHY overlap with and help fulfill the goals of
  other programs.

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How IHY is Organized
The IHY organization is developed in response to
the goals and objectives of IHY. An International
Steering Committee coordinates all of the IHY
activities, through its Science Working Groups,
with three major thrusts.
Science Working Groups coordinate analysis and
modeling efforts, and are responsible for
planning IHY meetings, symposia and workshops
through the three major thrusts 1. Scientific
Campaigns oversees the IHY coordinated observing
campaigns. The team reviews proposals for IHY
campaigns, coordinates the input from the
observatory representatives, and maintains the
IHY observing and campaign schedule. 2.
Scientific Meetings and Publications arranges
for communication of scientific results to
broader science community 3. Public Outreach
responsible for increasing public awareness of
IHY activities. This committee produces
newsletters, maintains the website(s), writes
articles, coordinates media affairs, and develops
outreach products

• These IHY activities link directly to the success
  of IHY and require a long-term commitment for the
  planning and execution phases. We're seeking the
  participation of both individuals and
  organizations in these efforts.

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IHY Steering Committee
Research Organizations NASA, ESA, JAXA, NAS, DoD,
NSF, etc.
IHY Regional Steering Committees Europe, US,
Japan,etc.
Science Working Groups Coordinate analysis and
modeling efforts, coordinate meetings symposia
Scientific Campaigns Reviews proposals for IHY
campaigns with observatory representatives,
coordinates observing schedule
Scientific Meetings Publications Ensure that
scientific objectives of IHY are well-developed
and that the results of IHY are communicated to
the greater scientific community.
Public Outreach Newsletters, Website, Articles,
Media Affairs, Outreach Products
IGY History and Context
Emerging Nations Programs
Scientific Institutions
Campaign Planners
Media Affairs
Production and Publications
Observatory Reps and Coordinators
Professional Organization Representatives and
Coordinators
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Scientific Campaigns
The Scientific Campaigns are organized around
three major activities

• Campaign Planning Campaign proposers and
  planners develop plans for a broad range of
  scientific observing campaigns and propose
  campaigns to the Science Working Groups.
  Campaigns are coordinated between the science
  working groups, observatories, and emerging
  nations programs primarily through electronic
  communication.
• Observatory Coordination Observatory
  representatives and coordinators participate in
  the review of observing proposals, identifying
  and committing observatory resources if
  necessary, and executing observing campaigns.
  They determine whether an observation is
  feasible, and represent their observatory when
  committing to an observing schedule.

• Emerging Nations Programs Encourage
  participation in research programs by
  establishing contacts with and Identifying
  resources for programs in developing countries
  putting the "I" in "IHY."

Scientific Campaigns
Campaign Planners
Emerging Nations Programs
The oversight of the Scientific Campaigns is
coordinated through the Scientific Working
Groups.
Obs Reps Coord
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Scientific Meetings and Publications
Scientific Meetings and Publications are
necessary to ensure that the scientific
objectives of IHY are broad and well-developed
and that the results of IHY are communicated to
the greater scientific community.

• Scientific Institutions Serve as a point of
  contact for an institution, establish websites
  for local coordination, develop outreach
  programs, and may assist in coordination of
  developing countries program.
• Professional Organizations Professional
  Organization representatives and coordinators
  work to ensure synergy and identify overlaps
  between the goals of their organizations and the
  goals of IHY. In addition to serving as contact
  points, they help organize special sessions on
  IHY science, coordinate publications through
  journals, and help plan campaigns that address
  the science objectives of their organization.

Scientific Meetings Publications
Scientific Institutions
Professional Organization Representatives and
Coordinators
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Public Outreach
The Public Outreach initiative communicates the
goals and activities of IHY by coordinating
affairs with the media and making a variety of
materials available, such as newsletters,
websites, newspaper articles and other outreach
products.

• Media Affairs develop materials for and work
  directly with media organizations to ensure that
  the activities and opportunities of IHY are
  broadly communicated
• IGY History and Context help the IHY initiative
  plan for the future by learning from IGY's past
  successes, and serves as an inspiration for 2007.
  Contributions of "IGY reminiscence" articles are
  posted on the website and, if possible, will
  be bound into a single historical volume

Public Outreach

• Production and Publications focus on website and
  other forms of information, production of
  materials and publications intended for public
  outreach.

IGY History and Context
Media Affairs

• Of course, IHY benefits from everyone's
  participation in the public outreach program.

Production and Publications
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IGY History and Context
It is difficult to fully assess impact of IGY
1957 on the space and earth sciences. Still, we
would like to recreate IGY 1957 as much as we
can. These items will be accumulated on an IGY
historical website, and we will consider
collecting and binding all of these items into a
single volume.

• IGY History An effort to collect articles,
  anecdotes and information on the IGY activities.
• IGY "Where are they now" Identifying members of
  the scientific community (and beyond) who played
  roles in IGY Where are they today?
• Science Legacy In particular, IGY activities and
  data which are still in use.
• 1957 Again We'll look back at 1957 from a
  cultural perspective, purely for fun!

• Looking back at 1957 and IGY is a powerful
  exercise which allows us to gauge the progress
  since 1957, refine our goals and activities, and
  identify the potential impact of IHY/IGY 2007.

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IHY Scientific Observing Campaigns

• The year 2007 will be during solar minimum,
  approaching the rise phase of the solar cycle.
  This period is optimal because
• Establishing the heliosphere/geospace structural
  "context" will require at least a month of
  observations.
• Many processes affecting geospace and climate
  take weeks to months to fully dissipate. To track
  these processes and the coupling in its entirety,
  we require activity surrounded by relatively
  quiet phases.
• The heliospheric interaction with geospace will
  consist primarily of slow solar wind pressure
  interaction, punctuated by some high-speed
  streams, coronal mass ejections, and solar
  flares. These events are anticipated to occur
  somewhat in isolation, to differentiate between
  the effects.
• A full year (plus a continuance of necessary
  observations in 2008) will allow for a study of
  all four terrestrial seasons.

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IHY Scientific Observing Campaigns

• The science goals of the IHY are broad and
  require the coordinated effort of observatories
  and scientists worldwide. The scientific success
  of IHY requires the encouragement of innovative
  research programs. However, the support of a
  large number of these programs can strain
  existing resources.
• The IHY Scientific Campaigns will be facilitated
  through the Science Working Groups, which will
  stimulate campaign initiatives, establish
  scientific priorities, coordinate observations
  and assist in the management of resources.
• Each of the observatories, instruments, and
  sources of relevant IHY data have at least one
  designated coordinator, who will serve as the
  primary contact when planning IHY observations.

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How IHY Campaigns Work

• Step 1. A potential campaign must be proposed
  through at least one campaign leader, who will
  serve as the chief coordinator.
• -or-
• Step 1. A Science Working Group (SWG) identifies
  the need for a campaign and recruits a campaign
  leader, who will serve as the chief coordinator.
• Step 2. The campaign proposal includes the
  science objectives, lists potential participating
  observatories and scientists, and provides an
  explicit description of the required observations
  and resources.
• Step 3. The SWGs work with the Observatory Reps
  to determine the feasibility of the proposed
  observations and the scientific merit. When
  applicable, the Scientific Institution,
  Professional Organization reps and/or Emerging
  Nations Programs give input regarding campaign
  participation.
• Step 4. If a campaign is approved, the SWGs place
  the campaign on the IHY schedule, assisting the
  responsible Observatory Reps in executing the
  campaign observations (such as target
  coordination).
• Step 5. The Science Working Groups assist in the
  analysis and broaden the scientific impact of
  these campaigns by stimulating research,
  discussions, and activities at meetings.

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An "Example" IHY Campaign

• Step 1. David Webb proposes a campaign to study
  which eruptions on the Sun produce magnetic
  clouds at Earth.
• Step 2. Webb and his collaborators produce an IHY
  campaign proposal

Title Solar Eruptions Producing Magnetic Clouds
at Earth and at 1 AU Brief Objective Perform a
study of the magnetic structure of solar erupting
regions and the associated CME structure
associated with magnetic clouds at 1 AU. Include
characteristics of erupting region, CME
properties, possible propagation effects in the
solar wind, to determine which aspects of the
solar eruption can be used to predict cloud
properties such as total flux, helicity,
orientation, speed, and density. Method Examine
in situ magnetic field, density, and solar wind
velocity data for magnetic clouds. Obtain total
flux, helicity, orientation, speed and density of
cloud. Based on arrival time and speed of
magnetic cloud, use a simple propagation model to
determine source eruption time. Obtain solar
magnetic field, H alpha, EUV, Soft X-ray and
coronagraph data to obtain properties of eruption
and erupting region. Observations Required
BBSO, Wilson and MDI Magnetograms (hourly), GOES
SXI images (as often as available), synoptic H
alpha observations, STEREO EUVI and Coronagraph
images (twice hourly), ACE solar wind
observations Campaign Duration 2 months should
produce at least 10 candidate events.
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An "Example" IHY Campaign

• Step 3. The "Sun-Earth Transients" SWG forwards
  the proposal to the Observatory Representatives
  for BBSO, Wilson, MDI, GOES SXI, STEREO, and ACE
  SWEPAM, SWICS and MAG.
• Although only synoptic observations were
  requested, the SWG notes that the Meudon
  Observatory may be available to conduct a special
  high-cadence H-alpha campaign, and forwards the
  proposal to the Meudon Observatory Representative
  as well.
• The SWG also notes that another campaign to study
  the propagation characteristics of CMEs using a
  more intricate yet realistic model is also
  proposed. If possible, the SWG decides to run
  these campaigns concurrently so both objectives
  can enhance each other.
• Webb's proposal is reviewed, and it is approved
  by all of the observers except the STEREO
  Coronagraph Observatory Representative, who
  explains that observations will only be available
  hourly. The proposal is accepted contingent on
  the agreement that the research objective is
  still feasible with coronagraph observations at a
  decreased cadence.

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An "Example" IHY Campaign

• Step 4. Webb's campaign is approved, and it is
  placed on the schedule to run daily from 14 July
  through 22 September. Other observatories are
  invited to participate if interested. A daily
  target is chosen by a modeler on Webb's team, and
  the target is forwarded to the participating
  observatories and posted on the IHY Campaign
  website. The observation data is catalogued via
  the IHY virtual campaign database, and is
  thereafter accessible to IHY researchers and the
  public.
• Step 5. The "Sun-Earth Transients" SWG assists in
  identifying researchers who may assist in the
  production of scientific results. They contact
  the campaign leader for the solar eruption
  propagation campaign and suggest that they work
  with Webb's team. They also identify a solar
  magnetic field model which includes non-potential
  effects, and suggest that Webb's team might
  benefit from using the model.

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The IHY Campaign Site

• The IHY Campaign site contains all of the
  logistics for IHY campaign planning. It includes
• The Science Working Group Objectives, leaders
  and participants
• Approved and Proposed Campaigns
• Participating Observatories and Observatory
  Representatives
• Campaign observing targets
• Modelers
• IHY participants interested in the Campaign's
  scientific topic
• Scientific Publications Relevant to the
  Campaign's scientic topic
• A searchable IHY Campaign calendar
• A searchable IHY Science Planning Database
• A searchable IHY Campaign Database

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The IHY Science Planning Database

• The IHY Science Planning Database is a resource
  which allows IHY researchers and participants to
  identify scientists and observatories for
  campaign coordination. Because every observatory
  must have at least one responsible scientist, the
  records are indexed by participants. Searchable
  fields include
• Participant name
• Observatory - Representative (if the participant
  will be serving as the science planner and
  coordinator for observatory operations.
  Observatory Reps must be able to commit their
  instrument or observatory when needed, and are
  responsible for the execution of the campaign
  observations.)
• Observatory - Analysis (some participants may be
  experts in data analysis for a particular
  measurement or instrument, but will not be
  responsible for campaign planning)
• Type of Observation
• Institution
• Country
• Scientific or Professional Organization
• Scientific Topic (AGU Index Terms)
• IHY Campaign or Initiative

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The IHY Science Planning Database

• Enter Information Here
• Participant Name Institution
• Scientific or Professional Organizations
• Country
• Scientific Interest
• Observatory
• Observatory Rep?
• Analysis Expert?
• IHY Campaign

College University
Last name, First name, M.I.
International Union of Geophysicists
Union of International Geophysicists
Geophysicists International Union
Afghanistan
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The IHY Campaign Database

• The IHY Campaign Database allows IHY researchers
  to easily identify and access IHY campaign data.
  Searchable fields include
• Start Date
• End Date
• Participating Observatory(s)
• Participating Instrument(s)
• Data Class
• Data Format(s)
• Campaign Number
• Science Objective

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IHY Planning Schedule

• 2004 Regional coordination meetings, campaigns
  begin to be defined, synergy/coordination
  discussions with professional organizations
• 2005 Synthesis from regional to international,
  merging of science working groups and campaigns,
  "backfilling" missing initiatives
• 2006 Prototyping year, preliminary work

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Where You Fit In

• You can
• serve as a coordinator between IHY and your
  scientific institution or organization to ensure
  overlap in scientific objectives
• serve on one of the science working groups to
  assist in the development of scientific
  initiatives
• help with the public outreach effort
• assist in the development of programs for
  developing countries
• contribute a story or "reminiscence" about IGY
  1957
• propose and help coordinate an observing campaign
• serve as an observatory coordinator
• be creative - new suggestions and ideas are
  always welcome!

IHY needs you, and we have opportunities for
participants at any level of commitment. Email us
at ihy_at_ ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov for more information!