A1257278144BAopM

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The Federal Style House
Just suppose we wanted to teach the following
concept
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Teaching The Concept of the Federal Style House
One Way
The Federal Style House
The Federal Style house is usually a simple box,
two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows
arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be
modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight, or entabulature.
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What does this way of teaching demand of the
learner?
The Federal Style House
The Federal Style house is usually a simple box,
two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows
arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be
modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight, or entabulature.
Construct Relevant Construct
Irrelevant

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For whom does this way of teaching it seem
problematic?
The Federal Style House
The Federal Style house is usually a simple box,
two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows
arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be
modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight, or entabulature.








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The Concept of the Federal Style House An
alternate way
A Federal Style House
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What does this way of teaching demand of the
learner?
Construct Relevant Construct
Irrelevant

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For whom does this format seem problematic?
Construct Relevant Construct
Irrelevant

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A Framework for Thinking about What Learning
Requires

Universal Design for Learning
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(No Transcript)
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Multiple Representations
1) Cognitive Options Activate background
knowledge Highlight critical features,
relationships Scaffold information
processing Support memory and transfer 2)
Linguistic/Representational Options Define
symbols, vocabulary and labels Clarify syntax
or structure Translate language or cultural
conventions Use multiple representations to
illuminate concepts 3) Perceptual
Options Provide within-modality
amplifications Provide cross-modality
transformations
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Common Disabilities in Curricula
1) Cognitive Disabilities Effective only
for students with specific background knowledge.
Effective only for students who can
recognize key features and relationships in new
information Effective only for students
who have specific information processing
strategies or media comprehension skills
Effective only for students who know how to apply
mnemonic strategies or use external memory aids.

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Common Disabilities in Curricula
2) Linguistic and Representational Disabilities
Effective only for students with specific
vocabulary knowledge Effective only for students
who can understand specific syntactical and
structural relations Effective only for students
who can speak English Effective only for students
who can learn concepts easily through language
3) Sensory Disabilities Effective only for
students with vision Effective only for students
with hearing Effective only for students with
excellent vision and hearing.
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Principle One Multiple Representations
1) Perceptual Options Images with verbal
descriptions Text with Spoken
Equivalents Speech with captions 2)
Linguistic Options 3) Cognitive Options

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Perceptual Options 1) Within-Modality
Amplifications Examples Vector
Graphics for Images Amplitude
Modulation for sound Slow-motion for
video
longdesc
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Perceptual Options 2) Cross-Modality
Transformations Examples
Images with verbal equivalents
Spoken Equivalents for Text
Captions for Speech
longdesc
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Perceptual Options Examples
Verbal Descriptions for Images
Spoken Equivalents for Text
Captions for Speech
The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple
box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and
windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may
be modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight or an entablature.
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Linguistic/Representational Options
The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple
box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and
windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may
be modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight, or entabulature.
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Multiple Representations
1) Perceptual Options 2) Linguistic/Representatio
nal Options Define symbols, vocabulary and
labels Clarify syntax or structure
Translate language or cultural conventions Use
multiple representations to illuminate concepts
3) Cognitive Options

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2) Linguistic Options Examples
Definitions for vocabulary
Clarifications for syntax
Translations for English Multiple
Representations
The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple
box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and
windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may
be modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight or an entablature.
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2) Linguistic Options Examples
Definitions for vocabulary
Clarifications for syntax
Translations for English Multiple
Representations
The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple
box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and
windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may
be modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight or an entablature.
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2) Linguistic Options Examples
Definitions for vocabulary Clarifications
for syntax Translations for English
Multiple Representations
The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple
box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and
windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may
be modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight or an entabulature.
In English
En Espanol
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2) Linguistic Options Examples
Definitions for vocabulary Clarifications
for syntax Translations for English
Multiple Representations
The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple
box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and
windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may
be modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight or an entabulature.
In English
En Espanol
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2) Linguistic/Representational Options
Examples Definitions for vocabulary
Clarifications for syntax Translations
for English Multiple Representations
The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple
box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and
windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may
be modified by projecting wings or attached
dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main
entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or
three-quarter length sidelights and thin
pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned
by a fanlight, or entabulature.
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3) Cognitive Options Examples
Activating background knowledge
Highlighting Critical Features,
Relationships
Scaffolding Information Processing
Supporting memory and transfer
Need more information?
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3) Cognitive Options Example
Activating Background Knowledge
1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870
1880 1890 1900 1800 Georgian
1810 Federal
1825 Greek Revival
1840 Victorian
1855 Second Empire
1880 Harvard Mills
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3) Cognitive Options Examples
Activating background knowledge
Highlighting Critical Features,
Relationships
Scaffolding Information Processing
Supporting memory and transfer
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3) Cognitive Options Examples
Activating background knowledge
Highlighting Critical Features,
Relationships
Multiple Examples
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Examples of Federal Style Buildings
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Examples of Federal Style Buildings
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Examples of Federal Style Buildings
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Highlighting Critical Features Examples and
Non-Examples
Federal
Gothic
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Highlighting Critical Features Examples and
Non-Examples
Greek Revival
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Highlighting Critical Features Examples and
Non-Examples
(Near)
Federal
Georgian
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3) Cognitive Options Example
Highlighting Critical Features
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3) Cognitive Options Example
Highlighting Critical Features
Prominent End Chimneys
Low Hipped Roof
Symmetrical, Multi-pane windows
Fanlight Over Door
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3) Cognitive Options Examples
Activating background knowledge
Highlighting Critical Features,
Relationships
Scaffolding Information Processing
Supporting memory and transfer
Look closely at the entrance Is there a fanlight
over the door? Are there small side panels or
lites around the door?
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3) Cognitive Options Examples
Activating background knowledge
Highlighting Critical Features,
Relationships
Scaffolding Information Processing
Supporting memory and transfer
Look at the front façade around the door. Is
there a Palladian window in the center? Are the
windows arranged symmetrically? ,
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Look at the roofline. Chimneys at both
ends? Low roof line? Small Balustrade?
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Does the overall building look symmetrical and
balanced in appearance?
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3) Cognitive Options Examples
Activating background knowledge
Highlighting Critical Features,
Relationships
Scaffolding Information Processing
Supporting memory and transfer

• Federal Features
• F anlight over front door
• E nd Chimneys
• D entil Moldings
• E ven or symmetrical windows
• R oof over front door
• A Palladian Window
• L ow Hipped roof

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3) Cognitive Options Memory and Transfer
Example Judicious Review
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3) Cognitive Options Example
Judicious Review
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But all these options are potentially
overwhelming, a barrier in themselves. What
to do?
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Alt tags and Long Descriptions
Picture of a Federal Style house. The image
shows a single home setting on a large landscaped
lawn and garden. The house is two stories tall
and made of brick with a low pitched roof and
four prominent chimneys placed at the ends of the
roof. Overall there is a distinctively
symmetrical arrangement of the buildings
features. There is a central entrance with a
fanlight over the door and small windows
alongside. Two rows of evenly spaced
multiple-pane windows with black shutters are
arranged symmetrically around the entrance.
Return
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Multiple Representations
Linked Representations
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Vocabulary
Fanlight A fanlight is a semicircular or
semi-elliptical window over a doorway or another
window. Federal homes often have fanlights.
Return
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Vocabulary
Entablature Entablature is the elaborate,
multi-level beam that sits on top of the columns
in classical architecture.
Return
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Like much of America's architecture, the Federal
(or Federalist) style has its roots in England.
Two British brothers named Adam adapted the
pragmatic Georgian style, adding swags, garlands,
urns, and other delicate details. In the American
colonies, homes and public buildings also took on
graceful airs. Inspired by the work of the Adam
brothers and also by the great temples of ancient
Greece and Rome, Americans began to build homes
with Palladian windows, circular or elliptical
windows, recessed wall arches, and oval-shaped
rooms. This new Federal style became associated
with America's evolving national identity.
Return
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3) Cognitive Options Example
Highlighting Critical Features
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Highlighting Critical Features
It's easy to confuse Federalist architecture with
the earlier Georgian Colonial style. The
difference is in the details While Georgian
homes are square and angular, a Federal style
building is more likely to have curved lines and
decorative flourishes. Federalist architecture
was the favored style in the United States from
about 1780 until the 1830s. However, Federalist
details are often incorporated into modern
American homes. Look past the vinyl siding, and
you may see a fanlight or the elegant arch of a
Palladian window.
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Picture Descriptions (How to)
Making a Picture Description

First, understand the purpose of the
image Second, start with a broad overview, the
big picture Third, focus on a few relevant
details (see Purpose) Fourth, describe
relationships and comparisons Fifth, leave
interpretations to the observer.
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2) Linguistic Options Example
Alternatives to English.
Cuadro de una casa federal del estilo. La imagen
demuestra un solo hogar que fija en un césped y
un jardín ajardinados grandes. La casa es dos
historias altas y hechas de ladrillo con una
azotea hipped baja y cuatro chimeneas prominentes
colocadas en los extremos de la azotea. El
guardapolvo allí es un arreglo muy simétrico de
las características del edificio. Hay una entrada
central con un fanlight sobre la puerta. Dos
filas de las ventanas uniformemente espaciadas
del mu'ltiple-cristal con los obturadores negros
dominan la cara delantera.
English
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3) Cognitive Options Example
Activating background knowledge Providing
alternative examples Highlighting Critical
Features, Relationships Guiding exploration
and examination Facilitating memory and
transfer
Fanlight over door
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Palladian Window
Fanlight over door
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Prominent End Chimneys
Palladian Window
Fanlight over door