S' Aronson

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The future of high energy physics at BNL

• Sam Aronson, BNL
• PANIC 2005, Santa Fe
• October 24, 2005

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high energy nuclear and particle physics _at_ BNL

• RHIC its evolution
• Collider neutrino physics
• Non-accelerator physics
• Particle physics agenda re-engineered following
  the termination of RSVP

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The present

• BNLs current activities in nuclear and particle
  physics
• RHIC/AGS
• Heavy ion spin physics, NASA space radiation
• LEGS _at_ NSLS
• ATLAS _at_ CERN
• MINOS
• D-Zero
• Accelerator RD ATF and Muon Collaboration
• Nuclear High Energy Theory
• RIKEN Center, Lattice gauge computing, QCDOC

_at_ Fermilab
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The future

• BNLs future NPP program builds on current
  program core strengths accelerator physics,
  superconducting magnet RD, instrumentation, NPP
  research
• RHIC II eRHIC
• ATLAS Research
• International Linear Collider
• Neutrino oscillations
• LSST

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nuclear physics
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• RHIC performance
• Science landmark discoveries, major impact
• Operations 5 years of exceeding expectations
• New state of matter
• Opaque to strongly interacting particles
• Transparent to photons and leptons
• A nearly perfect liquid of quarks and gluons
  (i.e., a strongly-coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma)
• Appears so have its origin in a universal
  hadronic state called the Color Glass Condensate

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Latest RHIC Results

• Big parton energy loss, no photon energy loss
• Jet quenching reemergence of the away side jet
• Suppression and flow of heavy quarks (via
  electrons)
• Charmonium suppression
• Thermal photon production

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The future of NP at BNLRHIC ? QCD Lab

• Discoveries at RHIC ? Compelling QCD questions
• The nature of confinement
• The structure of quark-gluon matter above TC
• The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter
• Compelling questions ? Facility evolution
• 10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design)
• e-cooling _at_ full energy
• New detector capabilities
• 50-fold increase in computing power (5Tflops)
  applied to finite T lattice QCD
• e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector

eRHIC
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RHIC achieved parameters
best store or week
Blue ring avg. pol. 49, Yellow ring avg. pol.
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RHIC accelerated polarized protons to Ebeam 210
GeV _at_ 30 pol. This year L store avg. goals
(prior to e-cooling) Au-Au 8?1026, p?-p?
65?1030, _at_ 70 pol.
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RHIC Luminosities with e-Cooling
RD ERL _at_ BNL
Gold collisions (?sNN 200 GeV) w/o
e-cooling with e-cooling Emittance (95) pmm 15 ?
40 15 ? 3 Beta function at IR m 1.0 1.0 ?
0.5 Number of bunches 112 112 Bunch population
109 1 1 ? 0.3 Beam-beam parameter per
IR 0.0016 0.004 Peak luminosity 1026 cm-2
s-1 32 90 Average luminosity 1026 cm-2 s-1 8 70
demonstrated by JLab for IR FEL (50 MeV, 5 mA)
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Non-magnetized e-cooling

• Handling of magnetized beams is not easy, and the
  system is complex and expensive
• At high ?, achievable solenoid error limits the
  cooling speed of the magnetized cooling
• Need 2 x 40m long, B 5T, ?B/B lt 10-5
• Non-magnetized e-cooling
• A study showed that sufficient cooling rates can
  be achieved with non-magnetized cooling
• Recombination beam loss is a concern but can be
  made small enough to assure a long luminosity
  life-time
• By reduced bunch charge
• By larger beam size
• Helical undulator can further reduce
  recombination

Suggested by Derbenev, and independently by
Litvinenko
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RHIC in the LHC era

• LHC is not a replacement for RHIC - they
  complement each other
• Collision Energy
• RHIC and LHC probe different physics, different
  kinematics
• Dedicated, flexible facility
• RHIC provides exploration vs. system size and
  energy, in hot and cold nuclear matter p-p in
  the same detector. EBIS will expand the A-range
  and extend to U
• At RHIC QCD is the prime objective
• Unique capabilities with a future
• Unique spin program aimed at some of the biggest
  hadron physics problems
• There is a path forward leading to a polarized
  DIS collider facility (eRHIC)
• Issues for the US in the LHC era
• The US program has great momentum and excellent
  teams at RHIC to do the physics and train the
  next generation
• Just beginning to reap the benefits of a massive
  investment
• The US RHI community will also work at LHC

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eRHIC at BNL

• The compelling questions for eRHIC
• What is the nature of confinement and of
  hadronization in nuclei (compared to nucleons)?
• What is the structure of the saturated gluon
  state at low x in hadrons?
• What is the role of spin in DIS in nucleons and
  nuclei?
• Need a precision tool to probe these fundamental
  and universal aspects of QCD eRHIC
• Collide High energy intensity polarized e? (or
  e) with A, p
• A new detector for e-p e-A physics

Ep 250 GeV (50-250 GeV) EXISTS EA 100
GeV/A ( 10-100 GeV/A) EXISTS Ee 10 GeV
(5-10 GeV) TO BE BUILT
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eRHIC design concepts
Standard ring-ring design
Alternative linac-ring design
simpler IR design, multiple IRs possible Ee 20
GeV possible higher luminosity possible more
expensive
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RHIC priorities and challenges

• e-cooling enabling technology for the RHIC
  luminosity upgrade and for eRHIC
• RD getting funding from a variety of sources
• New opportunities to make it cheaper and simpler
• The road ahead for QCD Lab
• QCD Lab is a major component of the BNL strategic
  plan
• Convince the NP community of the science case
• NSAC Long Range Plan
• Establish priority relative to other future NP
  facilities
• Construction operation must be affordable

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particle physics
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The future of HEP _at_ BNLATLAS

• Construction
• ATLAS Detector basic software is on track for
  completion to meet the CERN schedule CD-4A
  9/30/05
• ATLAS Research Program Physics Analysis Support
  Center
• U.S. scientists must have the capability to
  perform physics analysis of ATLAS data
  competitively
• Exciting physics could emerge in the 1st year of
  operation

SUSY search with dileptons
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ATLAS Research Program Physics Analysis Support
Center

• Research program managed from BNL
• Physics analysis support distributed between BNL,
  ANL, LBL
• Anchored at BNL (US-ATLAS Tier I computing
  facility)
• ATLAS physics will be the main effort in particle
  physics at BNL for 5-10 years

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International Linear Collider

• Ongoing effort on accelerator RD in
  the Superconducting Magnet Division
• Direct wind technology ? final
  focus system
• Supported in part by BNL directors funds
• Planning on increased support from
  ILC RD
• Detector RD
• Traditional strengths (calorimetry, FEE, etc.)
• Effort from generic detector RD RSVP ? ILC

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Neutrinos

• Reactor q13 experiment under consideration
• Sensitivity to sin2(2q13) ? 0.01 crucial for the
  future program in neutrino oscillations
• BNL chemistry group already working on Gd-LS
• Physics group would be added
• Currently working in MINOS, planning for long
  term
• Added effort from RSVP groups

Sketch of Daya Bay detector
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Very Long Baseline Neutrino
Oscillations

• 1 MW proton driver ? n super beam
• ? 400 kTon detector in DUSEL
• Beam detector RD proposals
• Discussions with Fermilab

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Accelerator Test Facility

• The ATF is a proposal-driven, advisory
  committee reviewed, USER FACILITY
  for long-term RD into the
  Physics of Beams.
• The ATF features
• High brightness electron gun (World
  record in beam brightness)
• 75 Mev Linac
• High power lasers beam-synchronized at the
  picosec level
• 4 beam lines controls
• The ATF serves National Labs, universities,
  industry and international collaborations (2 PhD
  / year)
• In-house RD on photoinjectors, lasers,
  diagnostics, ... (3 Phys. Rev. X / year)
• Support from HEP and BES.

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Advanced Accelerator RD

• Liquid Mercury Target Experiment at CERN
• Demonstrate jet in a magnetic field and high
  intensity targeting
• Design studies of Neutrino Factories
• Since the initial study the performance has been
  improved by a factor of 12 and the cost reduced
  by a factor of 40.
• World Design Study
• The main simulation tool (ICOOL) written and
  maintained at BNL
• Develop And Demonstrate Ionization Cooling
• Prototype hardware production
• MICE experiment at the Rutherford lab

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LSST

• Dark Energy Dark Matter
• The committee supports the Large Synoptic Survey
  Telescope (LSST) project, which has significant
  promise for shedding light on dark energy.
• BNL will explore the nature of Dark Energy via
  weak gravitational lensing
• Wide, deep, frequent, multi-band imaging of the
  entire visible sky ? 3D map of the visible sky to
  redshift z ? 1

Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos
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LSST Project

• Ground-based telescope
• 8.4m diameter f/1, 8.6? field of view
• NSF DD, private funds in hand
• DOE institutions propose to deliver the Camera
• BNL, Harvard, Illinois, LLNL, SLAC, UCSC, others
• BNL would deliver the Focal Plane Array Sensors
• 3 Gigapixel CCD or CMOS array
• RD with vendors under way
• First light 2012-2013

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Recap BNL plan for Nuclear and Particle Physics

• RHIC complex the QCD Laboratory
• Probes p-p, p-A, A-A, e-p and e-A
• LGC with QCDOC and successors
• ATLAS
• US analysis support effort centered at BNL
• Accelerator RD
• ILC superconducting magnet RD and detector RD
• ATF and Muon collaboration (no time to discuss
  here)
• Neutrinos
• Reactor-based measurement of q13
• VLB oscillations ? CP violation proton decay
• LSST The nature of Dark Energy

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Summary

• The future science is compelling, plays to BNLs
  technical strengths and aligns with national
  priorities
• Hurdles on all time scales
• Budgets and priorities
• National panels, advisory groups, task forces
• QCD Lab, ATLAS are key rest of the vision
  coming into focus