Giovanni da Verrazzano 14851528

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Giovanni da Verrazzano (1485-1528)

• American Lit. I

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Verrazzano

• Italian navigator
• Sailed for King Francis I of France
• In 1524 explored the northeast coast of North
  America
• from Cape Fear, NC to Maine

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Verrazzano

• Left Madeira, Spain, on January 17, 1524, and
  landed at Cape Fear on March 1.
• First sailed south, then north to New York
• Sailed to Maine, then on to Newfoundland, Canada,
  and back to Europe, landing in Dieppe, France on
  July 8.

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Verrazzano

• Searching for a Northwest passage to Asia
• Thought that North America was a thin isthmus
  separating the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

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Verrazzano

• Made two more voyages.
• In 1527 his men mutinied and ordered him to
  return to France, but nonetheless reached Brazil.
• In 1528, landed in Florida, then to lesser
  Antilles.
• On one of the islands, went to greet the natives
• Was killed and eaten by Carib Indians

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Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca (1490?-1557?)

• American Lit. I

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Cabeza de Vaca

• Spanish explorer
• sailed to North America from Spain on expedition
  led by Panfilo de Narvaez.
• Departed in 1527
• 250 to 300 men

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Cabeza de Vaca

• After surviving a hurricane near Cuba, the
  expedition landed on the west coast of Florida
  (near Tampa Bay) in April 1528.
• A series of hurricanes and fights with Native
  Americans killed many of the crew.
• the pilot of the ship sailed to Mexico without
  the men

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Cabeza de Vaca

• Men made 5 rafts on which they sailed west,
  hoping to reach a Spanish settlement in Mexico.
• Three rafts sank
• Two surviving rafts (carrying 80 men) landed at
  Galveston Island (off what is now Texas)
• Narvaez did not survive

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Cabeza de Vaca

• Only 15 men survived the cold winter.
• Traveled west, walking along the Colorado River.
• By 1533, there were only 4 survivors (including
  Cabeza de Vaca )
• Were enslaved for a while by some Indian tribes
  along the way
• Were helped by others

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Cabeza de Vaca

• These 4 men were the first non-natives to travel
  in this area of southwestern North America.
• Reached the Spanish settlement of Culiacan in
  early 1536
• Later that year they reached Mexico City, where
  they were welcomed by the Viceroy Antonio de
  Mendoza.

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Cabeza de Vaca

• After serving as a Mexican territorial governor,
  de Vaca returned to Spain in 1537.
• Published an account of his travels
• Noted the appalling treatment of Indians by the
  Spanish
• His writing encouraged many other Spanish
  expeditions to the Americas
• De Soto
• Coronado

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Cabeza de Vaca
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Samuel De Champlain(1567?-1635)
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Champlain

• French explorer and navigator
• Mapped much of northeastern North America
• Started a settlement in Quebec

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Champlain

• Discovered the lake later named for him (1609)
• Important in establishing and administering the
  French colonies in the New World

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Champlain

• In 1603 sailed to France on Francois Grave Du
  Pont's expedition.
• They sailed up the St. Lawrence River and the
  Saguenay River
• explored the Gaspe Peninsula
• Returned to France in 1603 and decided to search
  for a Northwest Passage and to settle the Gaspe
  Peninsula

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Champlain

• Returned to Canada in 1604 on Pierre de Mont's
  expedition.
• From 1604-1607, he sailed around and charted most
  of the coast of Nova Scotia (to the Bay of Fundy)
  and down the coast to Cape Cod and Martha's
  Vineyard (Massachusetts), and later to Rhode
  Island
• After a short time in France, returned to Canada
  and helped found a colony in Port Royal, Nova
  Scotia (1605).

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Champlain

• In 1608, led 32 colonists to settle Quebec in
  order to establish it as a fur-trading center.
• Only nine colonists survived the first bitter
  winter in Quebec, but more settlers arrived the
  following summer.

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Champlain

• In 1609, befriended the Huron Indians and helped
  them fight the Iroquois (this battle led to 150
  years of bitterness and hostility between the
  Iroquois and the French).
• It was during this venture that he discovered
  Lake Champlain.

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Champlain

• In 1613, he again sailed up the St. Lawrence, and
  explored the Ottawa River.
• In 1615 after returning from France, he retraced
  this route and ventured into what is now northern
  New York state and the eastern Great Lakes
  (Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario).

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Champlain

• Headed the Quebec settlement for years, until the
  English attacked and took the Fort at Quebec in
  July, 1629.
• Returned to France.
• After a French-British peace treaty in 1632,
  Quebec was once again French, and Champlain
  returned as its governor (1633).
• He died from a stroke on Dec. 25, 1635.