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Applied Nuclear Physics in Poland- Applications
and Interdisciplinary Research Pawel Olko, IFJ
PAN, Krakow

1. Review of selected activities
2. Needs and new opportunities

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Geography of nuclear physics in Poland
Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology,
ICHTJ, Warsaw
Heavy Ion Laboratory, SLCJ, Warsaw
Institute of Nuclear Studies, IPJ, Warsaw
Institute of Nuclear Energy, IEA, Swierk
M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin
Faculty of Physics and Informatics, AGH, Kraków
Institute of Nuclear Physics, IFJ PAN Kraków
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Institutions in Poland involved in nuclear
physics research - statistics
  Employees Scientists Ph.D. students Annual budget (M)
IPJ 207  78  16  
ICHTJ 270 84 21 4.5 
IFJ PAN 450 200 55 7.0  
SLCJ 46     1.1 
At IFJ Krakow about 30 of scientists are
involved in interdisciplinary research connected
with nuclear physics
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One of the most significant contribution of
nuclear physics to our sociaty was the
development of accelarators
90 of external radiotherapy in Europe is
provided using medical accelerators
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Research institutions and some of their
activities in applied physics (mainly medical)
1) Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology,
ICHTJ, Warsaw - high radiation doses for
purification technology - dosimetry EPR, TL,
radon 2) Heavy Ion Laboratory, SLCJ,
Warsaw - Warsaw PET Centre 3) Institute of
Nuclear Studies, IPJ, Warsaw - radiation
medical physics - ZDAJ spin-off 4) Institute
of Nuclear Energy, IEA, Swierk - neutron
radiography - BNCT plans 5) Institute of
Nuclear Physics, IFJ PAN, Kraków - single
proton irradiation facility - TLD dosimetry in
space - proton radiotherapy of eye melanoma
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Heavy Ion Laboratory Srodowiskowe Laboratorium
Ciezkich Jonów Warsaw University

• User type facility, providing heavy ion beams
  to a number of research groups
• 100 national/foreign users per year
• the isochronous Kmax160 cyclotron
• 3000 h of heavy ion beams yearly ranging from B
  to Ar with energies 2 - 10 MeV/nucleon.

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Principles of Positron Emission Tomography, PET
18O(p,n)18F T1/2 109.8 min
PET diagnostic changes the method of tumor
treatment in 25
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Warsaw PET Centre Project

• The needs
• - Number of diagnostic procedures using
  radioisotopes in Poland 2/1000 persons/year (in
  Europe 5-15 times more frequent)
• In Poland only single PET facility at Bydgoszcz
  with approx. 1500 procedures per year

SLCJ initiated and is leading the PET Centre
project 20 institutions in Warsaw interested in
using PET isotopes
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Warsaw PET Centre - Roadmap



March 2007 Building adaptation completed, cyclotron installed, chemical equipment and quality control system provided.
July 2007 Tests of the production of basic radiopharmaceutical FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose, lifetime 2h) completed.
Dec. 2007 First diagnoses performed by the Medical Academy hospital. Research projects started by the members of Warsaw PET Cooperation Consortium
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The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear
Studies Warsaw, Swierk-Otwock
Main activities

• NUCLEAR PHYSICS
• PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
• PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY
• PHYSICS OF THE COSMIC RADIATION
• ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
• ELECTRONICS AND DETECTORS
• ACCELERATOR PHYSICS
• RADIATION MEDICAL PHYSICS
• MATERIALS RESEARCH
• EDUCATION, POPULARIZATION
• ZdAJ ESTABLISHMENT FOR NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT

                              
                              
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The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear
Studies Warsaw, Swierk-Otwock
Main activities

• NUCLEAR PHYSICS
• PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
• PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY
• PHYSICS OF THE COSMIC RADIATION
• ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
• ELECTRONICS AND DETECTORS
• ACCELERATOR PHYSICS
• RADIATION MEDICAL PHYSICS
• MATERIALS RESEARCH
• EDUCATION, POPULARIZATION
• ZdAJ ESTABLISHMENT FOR NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT

                              
                              
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Medical Physics JET COUNTER ionisation
distribution at DNA level
Measured frequency distribution of ionisation in
2 20 nm size target confirm the results of
Monte Carlo track structure simulations
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Medical Physics Photon Needle Radiotherapy
for brachytherapy of brain tumors
Clinical tests started in 2005
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ZDAJ - the spin off accelerators

• Medical accelerators and equipment
• Coline 4, 15, Neptun PC
• Electron and X-ray beams up to 15 MV
• Industrial accelerators
• Neptun R radiography
• LILLYPUT
• Pilot 5, 10 food irradiation

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Institute of Nuclear Energy, Swierk- Otwock
Nuclear reactor MARIA

• Power 30 MW
• Fluence rate 4 1014 n cm-2s-1
• Production of medical isotopes
• Fuel MR6 and MR5 , from Russia
• U-235 enrichment 80
• - in 2006 3900 hours of operation
• license for operation till 2009

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Boron Neutron Capture Therapy feasibility studies
Institutions involved Boron pharmaceuticals
Torun, Department of Chemistry of Nicolaus
Copernicus University Lódz, Microbiology and
Virology Center PAN Examination of
pharmaceutics National Institute of Public
Health Modeling of the neutron beam IFJ PAN
Kraków
Beam under construction
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NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY at the research reactor MARIA
t 390 s
t 4600 s
t 186240 s
SELFDIFFUSION OF WATER in BRICKS
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The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear
Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesIFJ PAN,
Kraków

• - 450 employees (180 with Ph.D. degree) and 55
  Ph.D students
• 5 divisions
• particle physics and astrophysics
• nuclear physics and strong interactions
• physics of condensed matter
• theoretical physics
• applied physics and interdisciplinary research
• Centre of excellence
• Centre of advance technology
• 2 accredited laboratories
• 2 workshops
• international Ph.D. course

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Main facilities
AIC-144 cyclotron Van de Graaff Ion
Implantator D-T generator
2.5 MeV proton Van de Graaff accelerator
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Van de Graaff Accelerator and the Nuclear
Microprobe

• Accelerating voltage up to 2.5 MV
• Accelerated ions H, He
• beam focusing - down to the size of 2-3 µm
• beam current 100 pA and more
• unique construction (short 230 cm)

Mapping of skin exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles
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Van de Graaff Accelerator Single Proton
Irradiation
Single ion hit and the bystander effect
intact
bystander
cell directly affected
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Thermoluminescence detectorsfor individual and
space dosimetry

• developed at IFJ since 1970s (patents)
• leading laboratory in Europe
• 1 million TLD detectors from IFJ used in
  dosimetric services and hospitals in Europe

Dosimetry in space using TLDs Matroshka
experiment
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Proton radiotherapy of eye melanomaon AIC-144
cyclotron in IFJ PAN

• Partners
• - Institute of Nuclear Physics
• Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology,
  Jagiellonian University
• Centre of Oncology, Krakow

First patient planned Nov. 2008
Project approved 2006 4.4 Mzl National Found
for Fighting Cancer 1.5 Mzl EU project
(Norwegian found) 0.8 Mzl IAEA
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INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
(ICHTJ), Warsaw
Staff 270 employees -15 professors -13
associate professor -56 senior scientists (Ph.
D) -21 Ph. D. Students

• Main research activity
• radiation chemistry and technology
• radiochemistry and coordination chemistry
• radiobiology
• application of nuclear methods in materials and
  process engineering
• trace analysis and radioanalytical techniques
• design of instruments based on nuclear techniques

• Major instrumentation
• 8 electron accelerators
• 3 Co-60 sources
• Nanosecond pulse radiolysis set-up
• Electron spin resonance (EPR) spectrometer
• X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
• Gamma spectrometer in low-background laboratory
• X-ray diffractomers
• Mass spectrometer DELTA

Nukleonika international journal for nuclear
research published by INCT (IF 0.5)
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MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED
AND MANUFACTURED IN THE INCT
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IDENTIFICATION OF IRRADIATED FOOD

• Thermoluminescence (TL)
• For identification of food containing grains of
  silica minerals
• spices and herbs, their blends
• shellfish
• fresh fruit
• vegetables (i.e. potatoes)
• dried (dehydrated) vegetables
• mushrooms

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RETROSPECTIVE EPR DOSIMETRY Accidental
Overexposure of Radiotherapy Patients in Bialystok
CT scan of the patient no. 5 chest

• ESR of bone sample taken form the ribs during
  surgical procedures and additionally irradiated
  with fractional doses. From medical electron
  accelerator.
• Applications
• Biological dosimetry
• Dose dostribution for radiotheraphy

192Ir brachytherapy of prostate
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Despite the very limited budget. nuclear
physicists in Poland contribute significantly
to progress in applied physics and
interdisciplinary research.
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Needs and new opportunities
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NEEDS FOR RADIOTHERAPY (Italian Association for
Oncological Radiotherapy)
Radiotherapy with MV X 20 000 patients for
population of 10 million persons Proton
radiotherapy 12 cases of MV X
- 2400 patients/year Carbon-ion
radiotherapy 3 cases of MV X
- 600 patients/year
In Poland 82 radiotherapeutic units are in use,
18 is outdated Needs additional 40-50 units
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NEEDS FOR MEDICAL RADIOISOTOPES
1) 5-6 PET centres in Poland 2) Further
support for Maria reactor
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Opportunities - structural founds of EU 60
billions in 2007-2013
Dedicated proton radiotherapy centre
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Thank you very much for your attention enjoy
Krakow and Mundial 2006!