Delivering Community Cohesion

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Delivering Community Cohesion
Professor Lord Patel of Bradford OBE
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Community
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He created a man who was hard of head, blunt of
speech, knew which side his bread was buttered
on, and above all, took no notice of women. Then
God sent him forth to multiply in Yorkshire
 R Hill 1994
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Community
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SOUTH ASIAN WEST YORKSHIRE MY
EXPERIENCE MAJOR RELIGIONS
COUNTRY/REGION OF ORIGIN Islam
Pakistan Bangladesh Hinduism
India East Africa Sikhism
Sri Lanka Buddhism LANGUAGES
DIALECTS Hindi Gujarati Urdu
Bengali Bihari Punjabi Sindhi
Pashto Syleti Farsi Hinku
Kutchi Boluchi Marathi
Telugu AGES AND GENERATIONS 1st Generation
2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th
Generation DUAL HERITAGE GENDER / SEXUALITY /
DISABILITY
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MIDDLE EASTERN/ NORTH AFRICAN DIVERSITY MAJOR
RELIGIONS COUNTRY/REGION OF ORIGIN
Islam Druze North Africa
Levant Judaism Bahai Arabian
Peninsular Turkey Christianity
Mesopotamia (Iraq) Armenia
Zoroastrianism Iran/Afghanistan
LANGUAGES DIALECTS Arabic (Classical)
Arabic (Colloquial various dialects inc.
Egyptian Moroccan, Levantine, Gulf,
Iraqi, Yemeni etc.) Dari/Farsi
Turkish Berber (inc. Tuareg) Hebrew (Modern)
Hebrew (Biblical) Armenian Kurdish
Pashtu Uzbeki Tajik French English
AGES AND GENERATIONS 1st Generation 2nd
Generation 3rd Generation 4th
Generation DUAL HERITAGE GENDER / SEXUALITY /
DISABILITY
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Community Cohesion
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WHITE ENGLISH
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• Catholic
• Anglican
• High Anglican
• Baptist
• Presbyterian
• Methodist
• Quakers
• Jehovahs Witnesses
• Mormons

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• Those who cant get work
• (Moving on up? The way forward. March 2007.
  EOC).
• Those who are treated unfairly
• (DRE Count me in Census, 2006 2007)
• Those who feel rejected
• (Bagley and Tremblay 1997)
• Those who are entering the criminal justice
  system for the first time
• (Source Prison Service statistics, 2004)
• Those who feel let down by the society they have
  helped to build
• (The UK Study of the Abuse and Neglect of Older
  People 2007)

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this isn't simply a question of national
identity. It becomes increasingly apparent that
these ideas are underpinning an entire political
philosophy Newsnights political editor Martha
Kearney 2005
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We can find common qualities and common values
that have made Britain the country it is. Our
belief in tolerance and liberty which shines
through British history. Our commitment to
fairness, fair play and civic duty. Gordon
Brown Great Britons Awards 2005
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• Inter- generational and inter-racial tensions
• The growth in new and emerging communities
• Isolation and differing patterns of growth
  between different communities
• Perceptions of racism and the experience of
  disadvantage

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• Inter- generational and inter-racial tensions

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Healthy Minds A Child Adolescent Mental
Health Research Project A Report for City of
Bradford Metropolitan District Council
Directorate of Social Services. Bashford et al
(2002) 19 first schools, 8 middle schools and
3 upper schools all drawing in excess of 90 of
their pupils from Muslim communities. (Lewis P
Between Lord Ahmed and Ali G Which Future for
British Muslims. Bradford MDC Website)
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Not pure or static. Rather, they change in new
circumstances or by sharing social space with
other heritages and influences. Fourth
National Survey (Modood et al 1997 PSI)
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• To these professionals the stress and mental
  health problems they saw in these young people
  were related to family conflict and breakdown.
•  
• Parents spoke to us about children they saw as
  being uncaring and they did not see the family as
  a source of breakdown but one in which mental
  health could be nurtured.
•  
• Young people, while recognising all these
  tensions viewed themselves as being stronger from
  having to cross these divides and were mostly
  concerned about the mental stress caused by
  educational pressures and peer influence.
• A Report for City of Bradford Metropolitan
  District Council Directorate of Social Services.
  Bashford et al (2002)

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Gripped by poverty and unemployment, pushed into
segregated, failing schools and fearful of a
police force they see as hostile, many Asians
live in the same cities as their white
counterparts, but inhabit very different worlds
Now a new generation is pushing through, throwing
off the more subservient attitudes of their
elders and demanding radical change. (The
Observer July 15 2001)
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• Inter- generational and inter-racial tensions
• The growth in new and emerging communities

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An urban borough such as Haringey now has
residents from over 120 countries of origin.
Super-diversity is also about different
immigration routes, legal statuses and
demographic breakdowns and settlement in parts of
England which have never experienced immigration
before. There are also different motivations and
expectations of staying for different lengths of
time. At the same time, there are changes in
the residential patterns of the settled majority,
as past migrants and minorities move out of the
inner cities and into the suburbs. This may lead
to the creation of new clusters and those in
turn can also lead to negative reactions from
local residents. (Our Shared Future, 2007)
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• Inter- generational and inter-racial tensions
• The growth in new and emerging communities
• Isolation and differing patterns of growth
  between different communities

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• 50 more likely to suffer ill health
• (Arora et al, 2000 Erens et al, 2001)
• 36 unemployment rising to 90 in some areas
• (CIC, 2007)
• More likely to be poor and living in overcrowded
  accommodation
• (Jones, 1996)
• Vulnerable to homelessness
• (RAPP, 1996 Chahal, 2000)
• More likely to be a victim of serious crime (CIC,
  2007)

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• Inter- generational and inter-racial tensions
• The growth in new and emerging communities
• Isolation and differing patterns of growth
  between different communities
• Perceptions of racism and the experience of
  disadvantage

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Community Engagement the beginning

• people in an academic setting but at heart
  practitioners
• marginalized and disadvantaged communities -
  groups
• action research wanting something to happen
  wanted change -not research for the sake of
  research
• researched to death true or false?

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Community Engagement the beginning

• policy legal requirements (several decades)
• the right thing to do
• good business sense poor access, experience and
  outcomes for certain groups in health social
  care, within a changing challenging situation
• number of projects helped developed the model
• Department of Health 2001 - 1.2million

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Community Engagement the beginning

• initial reactions government, wider academic
  research communities
• lack of confidence trust
• communities best placed to do work but with
  support, guidance and resources
• a shared concern/issue
• task, timescale and framework
• recognised that agencies also needed support and
  guidance.

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The Scale of Engagement

• over 5 years of development leading to major
  national programmes 8 million
• 300 BME and vulnerable groups - network
• 2,000 community individuals trained and
  supported in a range of engagement activities
• 50,000 community individuals engaged and
  consulted
• sustainable impact on services at local and
  national levels through the community engagement
  programmes

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CE Programmes

• More than 300 community groups
• Substance Misuse
• Mental Health
• Sexual Health
• Complex Needs
• Higher Education
• Offending
• Crime and policing
• Regeneration
• Refugee and asylum
• Network (over 1500 groups) resource

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Partners

• Department of Health
• National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse
• Home Office
• Metropolitan Police Service
• National Institute Mental Health England (NIMHE)
• Welsh Assembly
• Greater London Authority
• Aim Higher

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Community Engagement
Facilitated
Supported
Resourced
Communities and agencies working together
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• Theres a lot of money to be made from poor
  people as long as you dont pay them to do it 
• (Joined-up Places? Social Cohesion and
  Neighbourhood Regeneration JRF 1999)

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Community Engagement
Facilitated
Supported
Resourced
Trained
Communities and agencies working together
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Service providers, commissioners policy makers
Communities Service users carers
ISSUE
identification recruitment of community group
Stakeholder support
Pre-application support
access trust of own community
constituted group or supported
COMMUNITY GROUP
Methodology - target
Resources to undertake work
GRANT
Targeted specific issue
Recruitment of community researchers
Guidance, Support Monitoring
Guidance Support
available to agencies
Accredited Training
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• Over 2000 have been through the accredited
• training programme
• Ages ranged from 15 60 - 52 have been in
• the 16 29 age group
• 14 have a disability
• At least 58 never attended a University before
• 55 speak at least one other language fluently
• 80 are from Black minority ethnic groups
• 53 were female
• 34 enrolled for the formal certificate award

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Service providers, commissioners policy makers
Communities Service users carers
ISSUE
identification recruitment of community group
Stakeholder support
Pre-application support
access trust of own community
constituted group or supported
COMMUNITY GROUP
Methodology - target
Resources to undertake work
GRANT
Targeted specific issue
Recruitment of community researchers
Guidance, Support Monitoring
Guidance Support
available to agencies
Accredited Training
Engagement activities
range of activities
one-one
Focus Groups
Stakeholder Steering Group REPORT -
SUSTAINABILITY
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Community Engagement
Facilitated
Supported
Resourced
Trained
Communities and agencies working together
Generating ownership
Raising awareness
equitable services improved access, experience
and outcome
Reducing stigma, denial fear
Sustaining engagement
Assessing need
Developing workforce
Increasing trust
Articulating need
Building capacity
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• 88 of a sample of commissioners reported a
  positive improvement in their relationship with
  the participating community organisations
• 70 of participating groups gained a better
• understanding of the issues they were concerned
  with
• 75 of commissioners gained a better
  understanding of the needs of Black and minority
  ethnic Communities
• 60 of commissioners intend to continue the links
  they had made with groups

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Responsibility does not only lie with the
leaders of our countries or with those who have
been appointed or elected to do a particular job.
It lies with each of us individually. When our
community is in a state of peace, it can share
that peace with neighbouring communities. What
is important is that we each make a sincere
effort to take our responsibility for each other
and for the natural environment we live in
seriously. (The Nobel Lecture, December 11,
1989 HH The Dalai Lama)
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The first duty of a human being is to assume
the right functional relationship to society -
more briefly, to find your real job, and do
it. Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
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