CHAPTER TEN

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CHAPTER TEN

• DRUG USE AND DELINQUENCY

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Definition

• Druga chemical that interacts with the body and
  alters basic body functioning, usually through
  the central nervous system

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Drug Categories

• Narcotic analgesics
• Stimulants
• Depressants
• Hallucinogens
• Marijuana

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Drug Use Among Juveniles

• 13 million use illegal drugs
• Studies on juveniles and drugs (2000)
• Decreases or stability in all categories
• Over half of 12-17 year olds use alcohol
• Marijuana usage for 8th graders tripled
• 12-17 year old using for first time decreased
• High correlation between drug-taking and
  high-risk activities by juveniles

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Alcohol

• 1 drug of choice
• 10 million underage drinkers and 4.4 million
  binge drinkers
• Effects
• Caused highest number of overdoses

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Alcohol (contd)

• High risk behavior of juveniles who drink
• Academic failure
• Crime
• Violence
• Suicide
• 15 of driving fatalities are by drunk adolescents

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Tobacco

• Decreasing for adults, increasing for juveniles
• Ad campaigns that target youth

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Heroin

• From the opium poppy
• Producers
• Golden crescent
• Golden triangle
• Mexico has become significant producer

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Crack and Cocaine

• From the coca plant
• Whats in my Coca cola?
• Effects
• Speed-balls

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Other Stimulants

• Amphetamine and methamphetamine
• Designer drugs

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Hallucinogens

• Synthetic
• LSD
• PCP
• Natural
• Psilocybin
• Mescaline

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Central Nervous System Depressants

• Alcohol
• Barbiturates
• Prescription
• Methaqualone
• Rohypnol and GHB
• Date rape drugs
• Symptoms
• Gone in 12-24 hours

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Marijuana

• Active ingredient is THC
• Sources
• Mexico
• Jamaica
• Non addictive
• No known overdose deaths

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Steroids

• Performance enhancing drugs
• 7 of high school students have used
• Effects

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Inhalants

• Significant portion of juveniles have tried it
• Types
• Volatile solvents
• Gases
• Nitrates

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Inhalants (contd)

• Very addictive
• Very toxic
• Chronic use
• Long term lung damage
• Brain damage
• Severe allergic reactions
• Death

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Gateway Drugs

• What are gateway drugs?
• Examples
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• Marijuana
• Inhalants
• What is it an indicator of?

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Drugs, Delinquency and Violence

• Do drugs cause delinquency?
• Whats the image we had of drugs crime?
• Drug fiend who is violent and bizarre
• Is that all offenders?

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Intervention and Prevention Programs

• Current policy
• Interdiction
• Incarceration
• Anti-Drug slogans

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D.A.R.E.

• D Drug
• A Abuse
• R Resistance
• E Education

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D.A.R.E. (contd)

• 5th and 6th grade
• 6 year study found no long-term effects
• What makes a successful drug prevention program?

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Risk Factors for Drug Use

• Chaotic home
• Ineffective parenting
• Lack of attachment
• Inappropriately shy or aggressive in school
• Failure in school
• Poor social coping skills
• Perceptions of approval of drugs in school and
  community

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JUMP

• Juvenile mentoring program
• 164 projects in 41 states
• Collected information on
• Grades and attendance
• Gang involvement/contact with police
• Staying away from drugs/alcohol
• Characteristics of the juvenile
• Who are the mentors?

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JUMP (contd)

• Improvement in
• Staying away from drugs/alcohol
• Staying away from gangs
• Good school attendance/grades
• Avoiding friends who start trouble
• How did having a female mentor affect male
  juveniles?

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National Drug Control Policy

• Expand CJ system
• Aid to countries
• Research and treatment
• Drug education
• 70 of budget to reduce supply
• 30 to prevention or treatment

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Criticism of War on Drugs

• Demands still there
• 100 billion a year
• Negative effects
• Resources are scarce
• America likes drugs

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Options

• Legalize and privatize
• Legalize less dangerous drugs
• Decriminalize
• Harm Reduction

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DRUG USE AND DELINQUENCY

• END CHAPTER TEN