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1
Potou site a coastal-artisanal fishing farming
system

• Potou is located in the Rural Community of
  Leona, Sakal arrondissement, Department of Louga
  in the Louga Region.
• The RC consists of 106 settlements and covers a
  surface area of 415 km2 with a coastal line of 18
  km long along the greater Niayes area.
• Agroecologically, it is divided into two zones
  the Niayes zone and the Diéri zone
• According the approach of the MVP, Leona has
  been divided into 6 MVs

2
Climatic and soil conditions

• The climate is a Sahelian type
• The monsoon June-July to October with high
  probability of dry spell risk
• Maritime trade winds from the Azores
  anticyclone October to January-February
• The Harmattan a hot and dry wind blowing from
  February to May with huge sand storms and
  generating water losses through evaporation and
  causing significant wind erosion.
• Minimal temperatures vary between 15.1 to
  22.5C in the cold season
• While maximum temperatures vary between 29.2 to
  37.7 C in the hot season.

• Niayes zone
• Has a sub-Canary Island type climate, due to the
  influence of maritime trade winds
• Physically made up of clayey sandy soils (deck
  dior), heavy and difficult to plough although
  they are rich and favorable to agriculture
  especially to vegetable gardening,
• Unlike the Diéri zone, this area hosts lowlands
  with a shallow ground water table (5 to 6
  meters).
• Vegetation is characterized by dune fixation all
  along the coast with filao trees as major species

• Diéri zone
• The Diéri zone is relatively flat and dominant
  soil types are the Dior (sandy soil) which are
  light and easy to plough and are often not
  fertile due to intensive use.
• The Diéri area has the same type of climate than
  the Niayes and is influenced by both continental
  and maritime trade winds.

3
Demographic census
13,887
15,912
1,535
1,561
4
Agriculture rainfed cropping and market
gardening systems
Major constraints

• Main achievements during the rainfed season
• Cropping season November 2006 to May-June 2007
  improved onion seeds and cabbage seeds provided
  respectively to 1599 HH and 47 women groups.
  Farmers were trained on
• secure and efficient use of pesticides and the
  pertaining of harvesting onion after soil drying
• Marketing and lobbying

• Availability of adapted seeds is a major
  constraint for farmers,
• Land degradation and soil depletion,
• Access to fertilizers and plant-protection
  products,
• Access to equipment for sowing, treatment and
  ploughing,
• Adequate irrigation system and plant-protection
  to avoid environment risk,
• Need of training in technical and organizational
  issues
• Statistics/commercialization

• Main achievements during the rain-fed season
• Rainy season July-October 2006 distributed
  inputs for 628 households (HH) millet seeds
  (2,100 kg), cowpea seeds (1,960 kg), fertilizer
  N-P-K 15-15-15 (19,750 kg). Farmers were trained
  on spacing and the pertaining of applying micro
  dose of fertilizers under condition of drought
  risk and how to proceed technically.
• Rainy season July-October 2007 40 tons of
  groundnut seeds, 1.1 ton of cowpea seeds, 230 kg
  of hibiscus seeds, 300 cans of water melon seeds
  and 150 kg of millet seeds have been provided to
  2031 HH and 61 women groups. Good yields are
  expected by the end of yield assessment. Thirteen
  (30) women and 40 men have been trained in
  techniques related to tree nursery management at
  the beginning of the rainy season (end of July).
  Forty eight (48) women have been trained on
  practices dealing with Hibiscus Bio. In each MV,
  an nursery has been implemented with twenty tree
  species giving 46,796 seedlings for all the
  cluster. All these seedlings have been planted
  through the cluster mainly for field protection.
  Two hectares have been devoted to Jatropha curcas
  for testing purpose.

5
Baseline and surveys status
Data entry is going on for agriculture and land
survey Some health surveys need complement in
the field Market survey will begin this
week Correction is going on for most of the
surveys.
6
Artisanal fishing

• Major constraints
• Access to authorized equipments
• Lack of socio-economical organization
• Lack of landing infrastructure
• Need of improving quality of catchs and
  processed fishes
• Need of storage facilities for better
  commercialization

• Realized and ongoing activities
• Census to determine all actors in fisheries
  sector
• Setting up of fishing committee and training on
  fishing regulation aspects
• Two canoes with motors, fishing nets, live vest
  etc. have been delivered to fishermen and are
  being used,
• 40 racks for drying, 40 salting tanks, 5 small
  isotherm containers have been acquired,
• Fishing committee (fishermen, women acting on
  processing, traders) has been set up and trained
  on business, fishing regulation, leadership,
  processing techniques and enterprise
  development, conservation and transportation of
  fishes
• The first draft of manual of procedures is
  available and aims to define organizational
  structure allowing sustainable utilization of
  equipments

7
Livestock
Major constraints
Animal health  animal feeding  improving
races  need of training need of water places
for animals commercialization 

• Activities already realized
• Taking a census of domestic animals
• Training girls and young men on vaccination
• Vaccination (Newcastle disease for poultry,
  cattle plague, small ruminants plague)
• Providing animal feedings and setting up a
  management committee allowing the sustainability
  of this purchasing-selling activity within
  farmers
• Providing two moto-reapers to increase animal
  feeding availability during dry periods
• Promoting artificial insemination to improve
  animal quality
• 35 women have been trained on milk processing
  and, marketing/lobbying techniques

8
Education
Major constraints - Low school attendance rate
(less than 73) - High rate of pupils repeating
their classes (14) - High rate of pupils
abandoning or expelled from school. - Hostile
school environment (43 shelter classrooms out of
105 one-room or two-room school 14 one-room
schools and 14 two-room schools out of 43 no
school with electricity , few schools with
surrounding walls 1, water 6 , and latrines
8 ) - Lack of involvement of parents

• Activities already realized
• 6 classrooms and toilets built with community
  participation (7) and setting up of monitoring
  committees to upkeep the building
• 3 new schools opened
• 15 schools provided with equipment (29 chairs
  and 29 bureaus)
• 240 overalls (blouses) provided to pupils and
  125 for teachers
• - Free school stationery and material to pupils
• -Revising and strengthening school curriculum
  (training of teachers in evaluation techniques
  and reading, re-organizing pedagogic cells)
• Implementation of school feeding programs in 6
  schools (1 for each MV)
• Training of headmasters to better manage their
  schools
• 27 schools provided with thick canvas cover and
  kind of palisade meant to be only makeshift
  classrooms until the process of building the 23
  classrooms planned in 2007 and the 28 classrooms
  planned with BwB for 2008 is finished

Strategies to make schools attractive and
useful - Linking the Millenium strategies to the
regional and national education policy which
insists on access to, quality and management of
schools - Organize parents, get them involved
through their own action plan and engage them to
its implementation

• Ongoing activities
• - Building of restaurant rooms (2), computer
  rooms (2) and eliminating shelter classrooms (45
  out of 115)
• School feeding programs 12 schools were
  provided with seeds to start school field during
  the rainy season. The assessment is to be at the
  end of the crop period

Challenges in the near future (School year
2007/2008) - Have all children in schools
Community has already begun sensitization for
recruitment - Generalizing of school feeding
program Have some schools experiment tri-
linguism (French, arabic and Local language)
9
Gender issues

• Major constraints
• For women
• - Mens bad perception of men as far as womens
  promotion is concerned
• - Absence of women in the decisions making and
  policy bodies within the Community (2 women out
  of 28 members of the Local Council)
• Non access to fertile soils resources
• Conjugal violence
• For girls
• - Non secure environment in many schools (absence
  of security, shelter classrooms, long distance to
  walk)
• - Overwork at home and in the field
• - Early marriages and unwanted pregnancies
  (unmarried mothers)

• Main activities and achievements
• needs assessment using adapted existing
  national-level tools and methods have been
  conducted
• 2 school-based youth clubs and 6 networks as
  frameworks facilitating their promotion have been
  established
• reorganization of the Local Union of Women
• 36 girls have been trained to take in charge the
  vaccination of poultry in the cluster. After
  that, the idea of involving them on poultry
  farming has been raised and 6 galleries have been
  set up for demonstration
• 81women including 33 girls acting as Community
  health Workers have been trained on gender and
  reproductive health
• 80 girls have been trained on lobbying and
  marketing techniques
• 45 girls have been trained on advocacy

Strategies/goals - Make sure the gender dimension
is taken into account in all sectors -
Sensitization on the negative aspects of
traditions on women's social promotion -
Reinforcement of technical capacity of women in
the area of entrepreneurship (free access to
credit, management,..) - Reinforcement of the
social organization for a strong advocacy -
Alleviating womens burden through the use of new
technology - Helping young girls on becoming
leaders (education, training, counseling, access
to credit)
10
Gender issues
Challenges Have at least 45 of women and
girls integrate sit in the Local Government -
Increase the number of girls attending secondary
school and university level Have women
increase their economic power and financial
independence Eliminate taboos and promote
the positive aspects of the Senegalese culture
11
Need assessments on water and sanitation issues

• Water access status at the bigginning of the
  project
• 2 working boreholes and 1 new boreholes (not
  working) 
• 3 used water tanks and 1 unused
• 30 settlements connected to water piping network
  from the existing boreholes (26 of HH)
• Sanitation status at the biggining of the project
• Lack of latrines for HH and community facilities
  
• linexistence de systèmes individuels
  dévacuation des eaux usées
• Strategies with collaboration of PEPAM and
  others partners, three issues are being addressed
• Drinking water from boreholes for HH and
  community centers
• Water for irrigation from improved wells to
  strength crop diversification
• Latrines for HH and community facilities

12
Designing and sizing of water network piping
13
Designing and sizing of water network piping
14
Energy Steps in the process

• Energy policy and partners (done)

• Assessment of existing situation and energy needs
  (done)

• Strategic and technical options, design and
  sizing of proposed systems (done)

• Specification and quotation (done)

• Elaboration of proposal (done) and setting up
  electricity grid (negotiation with government
  agency pending)

• Plans for the short terms (done) and procurement
  pending

• Others related energy issues

15
Assessment of existing situation and energy
needs (Energy committee, women groups, Rural
council, surveys)

• Electricity grid only one grid Medium Voltage
  (30 kV) with two transformers supplying
  electricity for two sites (Léona et Potou)

• Health
• 1 electrified health posts in Leona
• 4 health posts being built of which 3 are in
  areas without grid
• 18 cases de santé of which 4 already
  electrified with solar panels

• Education 43 primary schools and 1 secondary
  school without electricity

• Water infrastructure 4 boreholes with water
  pumping functioning with generators

16
Strategic and technical options, design and
sizing of proposed systems

• Extension of electricity network from the
  existing main grid of 30kVA (Léona-Potou)
• Identification of planned sites according to
  some criteria profitability (cost), population,
  technical reliability, health facilities,
  schools, community centers, planned investment
  (hotels)
• Estimates of distances sites extension grid
  and localization of places for establishing
  equipments
• transformers and niches
• distances from medium voltage (MV)
• distances from Low voltage (LV)

17
Strategic and technical options, design and
sizing of proposed systems
18
Strategic and technical options, design and
sizing of proposed systems

• Providing alternative energy for lighting and
  audiovisuals (schools and health facilities)
• Estimate of distances between buildings or rooms
  
• Position of planned equipment
• Estimate of functioning period (lighting points,
  audiovisuals, microscopes, computers, fans) for
  health facilities
• Estimate of daily functioning period (lighting
  points, audiovisuals, computers, fans) for
  schools
• Estimate of power required for each equipment
• Taking into account simultaneous factors

19
Specification and quote costing

• Costing of MV and LV extensions
• Done according costs per unit
• 1 km of electricity line with MV 14,130.
• 1 km of electricity cables for LV  17,173
• Transformer H61  8,695
• Niche to put in the line of electricity
  network  3,260 
• Total cost 1.6 million dollars, ASER 1.119
  million, PVM 480

20
Specification and quotation costing

• Costing for alternative energy systems
• Request for quotation (done)
• Evaluation of total costs (pending)
• Total cost for cases de santé 31,100, ASER
  70, PVM 30, CR nd
• Total cost for schools 53,700, ASER 70, PVM
  30, CR nd

21
Proposal Elaboration

• PREM Project submitted to ASER
• Possibility of funding
• Concession with ADB funding
• Could be funded as PREM
• Emergency program for RE decided by the President
• Timeline (Q1 for starting)

22
Plans for the short terms (immediate needs)

• Before setting up the grid electricity,
  alternative energy systems will be provided to
• 3 health posts in construction
• 3 rehabilitated  cases de santé
• 4 schools

23

• Others related energy issues (pending)

• Pumping water systems (solar or wind) and
  processing units (grinding mills),
• Maximal manometer height of wells.
• Length and diameter of different pipes (feeder
  pipe and exhaust pipe), level of variation of
  wells
• Availability of spare parts
• Training of users by the provider
• Heat resistance of pumps
• Costs per hour of functioning
• Costs of pumps and processing units
• Service after purchase

24

• Others related energy issues

• Improved stoves (FASEN, PERACOD, GTZ)

• Training of local artisan acting on metal fitting
  and potters on building improved stoves,
• Training women groups on marketing for locally
  made improved stoves
• Supporting household by subsiding the acquisition
  of improved stoves

25
Community development process

• Major constraints
• High rates of illiteracy
• Weakness in leadership the organization leaders
  
• Weakness in organization, mobilization and
  innovation capacities of members
• Insufficient training in some areas (livestock,
  financial management, market gardening, farming,
  fishries, organization skill etc.)
• Difficulties to access information especially
  when needed
• High number of community of community based
  organization in lethargy
• Necessity of participatory approach in the
  decision-making process
• Remoteness from decision-making bodies

Strategies/goal Re-dynamization /setting up of
functional community organization capable to
assure their auto-promotion

• Main activities and achievements
• Communication of proximity in the MV on
  principles, objectives, strategies and goals
• Setting up of functional bodies (committees)
  agriculture/environment, education, health
  nutrition, Business enterprise development,
  infrastructures (water, sanitation, energy, road)
  
• Defining of community action plans
• Training workshop to reinforce capacity level of
  heads of villages and committee members
• Strong involvement of heads of villages and
  overall community in planning, implementing and
  monitoring of all interventions in each sector
  (seeds, bed nets and school supplies
  distribution, collecting payback etc.)
• Engagement of community in the management of
  local development activities with tight
  involvement of local government as focal point

• Key steps
• Constructive discussion with the local
  government
• Database and gathering of information
• Characterization and categorization of existing
  CBOs
• Mapping and geo-coding of infrastructures et
  resources

26
Health

• Access to health facilities and medicines
• Child and Maternal Mortality
• Malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS and others diseases

• Health facilities assessment
• 1 Health Post (Léona), 18  cases de
  santé (small clinics)
• Referral facilities C.S HR of Louga.
• Personnel (Léona) 2 Nurses, 2 birth attendants,
  2 Health outreach agents, Others 6
• Others small clinics 1 or 2 birth attendances
  and 1 Health outreach agent( from the Community
  19 birth attendants 18 Health outreach agents)
• Logistic 1 not working ambulance.

• Realized and ongoing activities
• Only 1 Health post existed in cluster at the
  beginning of the project. Now four (4) others are
  being built (three by the MVP and one by another
  partner Médicos del Mundo).
• Five motorcycles and 1 ambulance have been bought
• There were also two nurses but now four nurses
  and two midwives have been hired from july. They
  are operating in four sites using the small
  health facilities named cases de santé.
• Free health cares have been launched since June
  and are being evaluated
• Voluntary HIV testing has been done for about 200
  people
• A software has been set up to track the
  availability of medicines
• 98 CHW have been hired and are working at
  household level by sensitizing, giving and
  collecting information, etc.
• An important workshop involving all national
  health authorities has been organized to allowing
  a better involvement of health Ministry to health
  issues in the project
• National days of immunization to control and
  prevent measles
• National days of micro nutriments