FOREIGN POLICY

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FOREIGN POLICY

• Chapter 17

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The President and U.S. Foreign Policy

• The Constitution of the United States doesn't say
  anything about "foreign policy," but it does make
  clear who is in charge of America's official
  relationship with the rest of the world.
• Article II of the Constitution says the president
  has the power to
• make treaties with other countries (with consent
  of the Senate),
• appoint ambassadors to other countries (with
  consent of the Senate),
• and receive ambassadors from other countries.
• Article II also establishes the president as
  commander-in-chief of the military, which gives
  him or her a lot of control over how the United
  States interacts with the world

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Who negotiates and approves of Foreign Policy

• President
• Dept. Of State
• CIA
• NSA
• Senate
• Approval

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What are the four main goals of Foreign Policy

• Protect the country----Protect ourselves from
  foreign invasion
• Carrying Out Trade--- A two way road of
  dependency.
• Maintaining a balance of power----
• Foreign Aid---Economic and Military
• Defend Allies
• Overthrow governments considered hostile
• Promote Democracy--- Promote liberty and human
  rights throughout the world.

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Hawks vs. Doves

• How should the US be involved.

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Dove Approach

• Carrots Sticks

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How we achieve a desired outcome with foreign
policy?

• Diplomacy Peaceful negotiations using economic
  rewards and penalties.
• Economic Sanctions
• Embargo
• Military Force ---When diplomacy fails we
  sometimes resort to military force.

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History of American Foreign Policy

• Imperialism
• WWI
• Isolationism
• WWII
• UN
• Containment
• Korea
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Vietnam
• Promote stability in the Middle East
• Loosening of tensions

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Why is there Anti-American Sentiment in the
Middle East?

• Culture and Religion
• Cold War Foreign Policy
• Overthrow of Leader of Iran and Installation of
  Shah
• Enemy of my enemy is my friend
• Al Queda vs. Soviet Union
• Saddam vs. Iran
• Establishment of Israel

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Post Cold War

• No more enemies?
• Al Queda Grows

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Terrorist Timeline

• 1993 1st Attack on Trade Center
• Response

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1998 Kenyan and Tanzanian embassies blown up
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2000 USS Cole Blown Up
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The Day That Changed Foreign Policy

• September 11, 2001

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Foreign Policy of the Modern Era

• Operation Enduring Freedom
• Clear Link---Global Support
• Other Ways we are fighting Terrorism

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War Within The WarOperation Iraqi Freedom

• Bush 41
• The Dangerous Iraq
• Where is Kuwait and Iraq
• Saddam Hussein Invades Kuwait
• Operation Desert Shield/Storm
• End Of War
• Clinton
• Operation Desert Fox
• To degrade Saddam Hussein's ability to make and
  to use weapons of mass destruction.  To diminish
  Saddam Hussein's ability to wage war against his
  neighbors.  To demonstrate to Saddam Hussein the
  consequences of violating international
  obligations.

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Reasons The President Gave

• Brutal Dictator
• Enforce Policies of UN so the UN doesnt appear
  weak.(more on this)
• Posed a threat to US (Al Queda Connection and WMD
  based on Pre-War Intelligence)
• Promote Democracy in the Middle East

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Congress Authorizes the War

• http//thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107HJ001
  14_at__at__at_X

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Pre-War Intelligence

• Flawed.

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Senate Investigation

• The Senate investigation of 10 years worth of
  intelligence pointing to WMDs was flawed.

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Iraq Today

• Civil War
• Sunnis
• Shiite
• Muqtada al-Sadr
• Sadr City
• Mahdi Army

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Iran

• Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is the figurehead
• Has denied the Holocaust ever occurred
• In his December 2005 World without Zionism Speech
  called for Israel to be wiped off the map
• Has recently began a nuclear enrichment program
  which he claims is for energy production
• 1 state sponsor of Terrorism
• Imam Mahdi, to return and "wipe away oppression."
  
• Islamic Shiite rule over the entire world even
  speculating on specific dates the so-called
  "Mahdi" will be revealed.

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Iran as of 2/23/2007

• UN Sanctions may be coming

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Operation Enduring Freedom

• Afghanistan
• Taliban
• US objectives were to make clear to Taliban
  leaders that the harboring of terrorists is
  unacceptable,
• Finally, military force would help facilitate the
  delivering of humanitarian supplies to the Afghan
  people

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United Nations

• Developed out of the League of nations

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Parts of the UN

• General Assembly-- Forum for discussion among
  all member nations.

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Security Council

• Most important body in the UN
• Five permanent and ten temporary members who
  handle disputes and take action
• US
• Russia
• British
• France
• China

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Secretariat

• Administrative Branch of the UN
• Headed by the Secretary General
• 5year term
• Chosen by General Assembly on recommendation of
  the Security Council
• Ban Ki-Moon

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Trusteeship Council

• Originally created to oversee the defeated axis
  powers territories. There are none today.

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International Court of Justice(World Court)

• Hague Netherlands

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NATO
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Free Trade?

• To help you answer the question, try searching
  the Web using these key words
• "free trade"
• "trade pacts"
• "trade agreements"
• "globalization"
• "World Trade Organization"
• "trade" AND "advantages disadvantages"
• "trade" AND "good bad"
• "trade" AND "pro con"
• The following questions will help guide your
  thinking
• Does free trade help to reduce poverty?
• How does free trade affect the environment?
• What effect has globalization had on human rights
  issues?
• Do trade agreements affect developing and wealthy
  nations differently?