Unit 6: A Growing Nation

1
Unit 6A Growing Nation

• Chapter 15 Politics and Reform
• Section 1 Party Politics
• Section 2 Reform Movements

2
Well skip some parts in this Unit(including
politics and reform in politics)

• But a little bit of vocabulary
• Rotation in office (15) moving officials from
  one job to another
• And, the spoils system (18) people who help
  someone get elected are given jobs

3
Reform movements of the early mid 1800s

• Education for children
• Care for orphans
• Equal rights for women
• Drinking
• Care for the mentally ill
• Prison reform
• Schools
• Etc

• Reform (21) to change for the better
• Segregated (29) keeping different races of
  people apart

4
Today
5
School in the 1800s

• 1800s
• Students would be in school about 480 days in
  their life
• Stand up to speak sir/maam
• 1 room schools
• Few books/materials
• Cold/hot
• I used to walk to school 5 miles

• Today
• Students go to school 180 days a year
• (2340 total)
• (7200)

6
(No Transcript)
7
Women (bottom of page 213)

• Is this better than 1776?
• Marriage is beginning to be based on love (and
  not arranged)
• Women are beginning to live longer theyre
  having fewer babies and can get better health
  care)
• Colleges and other opportunities are beginning to
  open up for women

8
A couple of other reform movements

• The temperance movement (55) an attempt to
  eliminate the drinking of alcohol
• And.. for the first time we hear of abolitionists
  (58) people who wanted to end (abolish) slavery

9
Unit 6 A Growing Nation

• Chapter 16 The Growth of Sections
• Section 1 The Northeast
• Section 2 The South
• Section 3 The Agricultural Northwest

10
Sectionalism (7)

• A feeling of loyalty to your section (4) of the
  country, their people, and the way they live.
• An area where people think and work alike

11
In the mid 1800sthere were 3 main sections of
the country

• The Northeast
• The South
• The Northwest

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
The Northeast(New England, N.J., Delaware, New
York)

• Farms had been farmed for so long, the soil was
  beginning to wear out.
• Farmers had two choices move or adapt

16
2 groups of those who stayed

• Those who decided to produce different crops
• Milk, butter, cheese, potatoes, fruit, hay
• Why? People in the cities needed these things
  and they needed to get them from somewhere close

• 1820-1850 also saw a huge growth in manufacturing
  (new inventions)
• So, cities grew quickly and became trading and
  manufacturing centers.
• After the 1840s a lot of German and Irish
  immigrants came.

17
Working in a big citypeople lived in tenements
(21) or dormitories (24)

• A run down building, with many families living in
  separate apartments

• A building with many sleeping rooms

18
(No Transcript)
19
The South(cotton, tobacco, sugar, and rice)

• Slavery made the south a lot different than the
  rest of the country.
• Most white southerners lived on small farms
• Less than 1 of the south lived on huge
  plantations with slaves (but this 1 were
  wealthy, powerful people).
• Slaves were treated very differently from one
  plantation to the next.

20
Also in the South

• Only a few industries (usually centered around
  textiles)
• Few large cities (Baltimore, Norfolk, Richmond,
  Charleston, Savannah, New Orleans, Birmingham,
  Columbia, Raleigh)
• All these cities were next to water.
• An overseer (28) person who watches other, or
  their work

21
The Northwest(The Agricultural Northwest)

• A land of farms and farmers.
• Some cities were just starting to grow
• The southern parts of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois
  were actually settled first.
• Later on, traders started to come through the
  Great Lakes.
• All kinds of new lands were surveyed (5)
  measured for size, shape, position, and
  boundaries

22
Machines

• Machines erased the prairies and the forests
• John Deere invented the steel plow
• Grain drills (16) tool that made planting seeds
  faster and easier
• Mowing machines
• Long rakes
• The reaper (19) machine that cuts grain or
  gathers crops

23
(No Transcript)
24
And, Chicago
25
Unit 6A Growing Nation

• Chapter 17 Ties of National Unity
• Section 1 Travel and Communication
• Chapter 2 Ties of Trade and Business

26
In the 1800s America changed

• In farming
• From subsistence farmers (6) to a cash crop
  economy
• This couldnt have happened unless

• There were a lot of changes in communication and
  transportation in the country.
• A way to just get by and keep alive

27
Ties of National Unity

• Even though sectionalism was starting to become
  an issue, there were ways the country was growing
  together and promoting nationalism (4) a
  feeling of pride in your country.
• The country began to make a lot of internal
  improvements (9) improvements in roads,
  waterways, railroads, and communications

28
Roads

• We started to build roads covered with crushed
  stone (still for wagons though no cars)
• We even had the first turnpikes (14) toll
• 
  roads

29
(No Transcript)
30
Waterways

• Downstream has always been easy -upstream
  improved with Robert Fultons invention of the
  steamboat
• The country also built a lot of canals
• The Erie Canal was the most famous your book
  has others (on a map - 228).
• 40 feet wide / 4 feet deep / 364 miles long. At
  first, horses and mules would walk along and
  tow the boats

31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Railroads

• The 1st railroads about 1830
• Lots after 1850
• Horses pulled the first trains (later steam
  engines)
• At first every train company had different size
  tracks

34
(No Transcript)
35
Communications

• The telegraph (Samuel Morse)
• You could get a message seconds after it was
  sent.
• Used a lot by railroad companies and newspapers
  so we start to get the first real newspapers

36
(No Transcript)
37
The companies with all these improvements

• Had to change some of the ways they did business.
• Your book talks about new ways of dealing with
  capital (34) anything having to do with money
  or things of value
• And we start to see big corporations (38)
  forming big businesses controlled by a group of
  people

38
Corporations

• People buy stocks
• If the company does well, these shareholders
  make money sometimes in dividends (40) money
  earned by stockholders
• If the company does poorly, the stockholders lose
  money

39
The modern business cycle

• Panic (47) people getting scared and getting
  and keeping their money for themselves
• Depression (48) a long or big decline in
  business activity
• Recovery (49) Coming back to normal conditions
• Prosperity (50) good, profitable business
  conditions

40
Unit 6A Growing Nation

• Chapter 18 People and Prejudice
• Section 1 Indian Removal
• Section 2 Immigrants in the North

41
In the mid 1800s3 minority (2) groups faced a
lot of prejudice (3)

• A group that differs in some way from the rest of
  the population
• Blacks
• Indians
• Immigrants

• Opinion formed without taking time and care to
  judge fairly

42
Indians / Native Americans

• Remember, its impossible to say what a typical
  Indians was.
• This section is mostly about those in the
  southeastern part of our country

43
Indians in the 1800s

• In the 1800s, government leaders thought they
  could make the Indians more white.
• But after the Louisiana Purchase, many people
  thought all Indians should just be moved west of
  the Mississippi River.
• Read the last 2 paragraphs on page 235.
• We defrauded (18) the Indians 8 more times
• (to take money and rights away dishonestly)

44
Indians that refused to move

• Were rounded up, put in chains, and sent west
  (Southerners wanted these Indian lands so they
  could grow more cotton).
• Some government contractors were paid 20.00 an
  Indian to move them.
• President Andrew Jackson The land west of the
  Mississippi will be theirs as long as the grass
  grows, or the waters run.
• What else could have been done?

45
A lot of battles and wars came out of this time
period and these actions

• The Black Hawk War of 1832
• The Seminole Indian Wars (1832-1842)
• Many others

• Some tribes that had to move
• Seminoles
• Creeks
• Choctaw
• Chickasaw
• Miami
• Shawnee
• Sauk
• Fox
• Cherokee
• Pottawatomie
• Ottawa

46
The Cherokee Indians

• Called their move The Trail of Tears

47
Immigrants

• Theres a pie chart on page 239.
• From 1820-1860 a lot of immigrants from Ireland
  (38 of all immigrants), Germany (30), Great
  Britain (15).
• Why are Africans not included? (The slave trade
  officially ended in 1808)
• A lot of European-Americans have ancestors who
  came during this time period.

48
The country had a big anti-Catholic movement
during this time period

• Because most Americans at that time were
  Protestants.
• There was even a time period in American history
  where the government thought too many Irish
  people were moving here and banned any more from
  entering the country.
• A lot of people were nativists (35) people
  prejudiced against immigrants.
• They thought being a native (34) made you better
  than other people.
• Person born in a certain place or country

49
One thing to think about

• At this time people who were of low economic
  status (the poor) were for slavery.
• Freed Blacks would mean competition for the jobs
  they were able to get.

50
If youre an immigrant in any time period

• Why might people be prejudiced against you?

51
"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled
masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched
refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the
homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp
beside the golden door!"
52
Unit 6A Growing Nation

• Chapter 18 People and Prejudice
• Section 3 Slavery

53
Historians

• Agree on most of the horrors of the slave coast
  and the slave trade.
• There is some disagreement on the physical
  conditions and working conditions of American
  slaves in the 1800s (because there was such a
  wide variety of places, needs, and people).

54
Look at

• Page 25 in your packet (numbers)
• Page 26 in your packet (treatment / laws, and
  food)