Bell Work

1
Bell Work

• Where do fish with superior head structures
  typically feed?

2
Feeds and Feeding of Fish

• Area Animal Science
• Unit Aquaculture
• Lesson 6

3
Objectives

• Identify various types of feeds.
• Identify how to store feeds.
• Calculate the feeding rate of fish.

4
When does feeding begin?

• Fish dont need feed until they mature past the
  sac fry stage.
• They no longer have the yolk to supply them
  nutrition.
• Typically, begin with a small almost powder like
  feed that is high in protein.
• This type of feeding is known as exogenous
  feeding.

5
What are the types of feeds?

• Many types of feed available to fish.
• The type of feed used greatly depends on
• the nutritional needs of fish.
• The natural feeding habits of fish.
• Prepared food-contain protein, carbohydrates,
  fat, vitamins and minerals.

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Types of Feeds Cont

• Basic requirements can be supplied from
• cereal grains,
• oilseed meals,
• fish meals,
• meat and meat byproducts
• animal and vegetable oils.
• May be supplemented with vitamins, minerals and
  various non-nutritional ingredients used as
  binders and attractants.

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MOIST FEEDS

• have a high percentage of whole fish or parts of
  fish carcasses as an ingredient along with some
  dry ingredients and a vitamin/mineral mix.
• Pellets are soft and have a high water content.
• Costs are high for moist feeds since the product
  must be stored in the frozen state.

8
SEMIMOIST FEEDS

• Manufactured in pellets.
• Have a lower water content than moist feeds.
• Contain preservatives and are packaged in
  airtight bags
• Do not need refrigeration.
• Costs are high because of the fancy packaging
  required.
• Most often used as starter feeds.

9
DRY FEEDS

• The feed of choice as far as low cost, easy
  storage and convenience are concerned.
• Ingredients might include fish meal, soybean
  meal, wheat, corn meal, vitamins and minerals and
  some form of liquid fat.
• Feed can be produced as pellets, crumbles or
  flakes and can be made to float, sink, or have
  neutral buoyancy.

10
How do we store feed?

• Moist feed should always be stored in a frozen
  state,
• Semi-moist and dry need to be kept in a cool dry
  place away from lots of air circulation.
• Dry foods need to be kept in a cool place
  especially,
• Excess heat will cause the oils in the food to
  spoil and become rancid.
• Semi-moist foods are usually sealed in a vacuum
  packed bag, and can last a while when kept in a
  cool place.

11
How much feed do fish need?

• Important to realize that when feeding fish
• that you feed them enough to get maximum gain,
• never want to over feed them.
• Overfeeding fish can cause the water to get
  fouled if the fish are not eating all of the feed
  or creating excess waste.

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Calculating Feed Ratios

• Simple Formula
• 2.5 (ABC/3) N X

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Where

• 2.5
• 2.5 of Fish Body Weight
• ABC/3
• Average weight (in pounds) of 3 fish in tank
• N
• Number of fish in tank
• X
• Amount of feed to give in pounds

14
Or we can ..

• If fish cannot be weighed
• Feed as much as fish can eat in 15-20 minutes.
• Only works well with floating feed.

15
How often are fish fed?

• Feeding frequency can affect the rate of growth.
• Research often shows fish make better use of the
  food and grow more rapidly when fed at intervals
  during the day and night
• rather than all at one feeding.
• Factors that have a bearing on the best feeding
  frequency for a given situation
• Time of day,
• water temperature,
• fish density
• growth stage of the fish

16
Methods of feeding fish.

• Manually
• Producer goes out and feeds the fish either by
  hand, a tractor pulling a blower, or sometimes
  for large ponds they use planes.

17
Demand Feeder

• Requires no supervision by the producer.
• A rod coming from a feed hopper allows a
  pre-measured amount of feed to drop when the rod
  is bumped.

18
Automatic Time Feeder-

• Requires no supervision by the producer.
• Release a given amount of feed at a certain timed
  interval,
• Allow the fish to eat throughout the day.