Kingdom Protista

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Kingdom Protista

• algae
• protozoa

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Algae

• -plant-like protists
• have cellulose walls
• carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using
• chlorophyll a in chloroplasts
• require high moisture
• are photoautotrophs
• unicellular or multicellular (colonial or
  filamentous)
• reproduce sexually and asexually

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Algae
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Algae

• provide basis of food in most aquatic habitats
• produce large proportion of atmospheric O2
• used for cosmetics, food medical products
• classified according to types of pigments cell
  wall

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• Euglenoids (Euglenophycophyta)
• no cell wall pellicle instead
• has flagella and eye spot (animal-like)
• has chlorophyll a (plant-like)

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• Green algae (Chlorophycophyta)
• -cellulose walls, chlorophyll a
• -flagellated or not
• -food storage as starch
• e.g. Spirogyra sp.

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• Golden brown algae (Chrysophycophyta)
• light brown pigment chlorophyll a
• cellulose walls
• Flagellated
• food storage as oils
• Special group Diatoms
• - walls of silicon oxide (glass) box lid
• - (diatomaceous earth used for pool filters
  and metal polishing)

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• Brown algae (Phaeophycophyta)
• dark brown pigment chlorophyll a
• cellulose walls
• non motile
• food storage as mannitol
• e.g. Fucus sp.

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Protozoa

• 65,000 species
• most are unicellular, colonies are rare
• most have locomoter structures flagella, cilia,
  or pseudopods
• vary in shape
• lack a cell wall chloroplasts

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• all are heterotrophic,
• most are free-living in a moist habitat
• feed by engulfing other microbes organic matter
• some are animal parasites can be spread by
  insect vectors
• asexual and sexual reproduction

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• Life cycle
• - switch between two forms
• 1. trophozoite
• -vegetative state, feeding and
  growing
• 2. cyst
• -survival state
• -form cyst when conditions bad or
• need to move from one host to next
• (cysts survive stomach acid)

cysts convert back to trophozoite in favorable
conditions (free living ones)
or intestine (parasitic ones)
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Classification

• Based on locomotion reproduction
• Mastigophora flagellates
• Sarcodina amebas
• Ciliophora ciliates
• Apicomplexa all parasites motility not well
  developed produce unique reproductive structures

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Mastigophora flagellates
- move via flagella (zooflagellates) e.g.
Giardia (gassy diarrhea) Trypansoma (African
sleeping sickness)
Trichomonas sp.
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Sarcodina amebas
- move via pseudopods (ameoboid) e.g.
Entamoeba (amoebic dysentery)
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Ciliophora ciliates
-move via cilia e.g. Paramecium

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Apicomplexa
-non motile -usually intracellular
parasites -usually transmitted by
insects -usually complex life cycle with
different stages in different hosts e.g.
Plasmodium (malaria)