ENP: Political Dimension

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ENP Political Dimension

• Kakha Gogolashvili
• Geplac Project Director
• Batumi, 26-30 June, 2008

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European Integration

• Economic Integration
• Free Trade Area
• Customs Union
• Single Market, Economic and Monetary Union
• Political Cooperation and Political Union
• Security
• International Affairs
• Defense
• Justice and Home Affairs
• - Migration
• - Drugs
• - Terrorism
• - Corruption

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EU Foreign Policy Instruments

• International Agreements
• Common Strategies
• Common Positions
• Joint Actions

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EU International Agreements

• Trade, Economic and Commercial Cooperation
  Agreement
• Association Agreement
• Europe Agreement
• Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
• Stabilization and Association Agreement
• Lome Convention

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• PCA

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Original Idea

• The PCA framework was designed to help countries
  emerged after the dissolution of the Soviet Union
  to strengthen their sovereignty and develop into
  functioning democracies and market economies.

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Objectives

• Framework for Political Dialogue
• Support in the consolidation of Democracy
• Support in the development of Market Economy
• Establishment of international rules for trade
• Provide base for cooperation in different fields

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Political Dialogue

• Increasing political relations with the EU and
  community of democratic nations
• Convergence of positions on international issues
• Cooperation on matters strengthening security and
  stability in Europe
• Promotion of HR and other democratic values

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Trade

• Most Favored Nation treatment (MFN)
• Free Transit of goods
• No Quantitative Restrictions
• Safeguards and Antidumping measures
• Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)
• Except trade in textile and nuclear materials

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Business, Investments

• Establishments of Companies
• Operation of Companies
• Treatment of subsidiaries and branches
• Employment rules

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Business, Investments

• Establishments of Companies
• Operation of Companies
• Treatment of subsidiaries and branches
• Employment rules

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Others

• Current Payment and Capital
• Intellectual and commercial property protection
  (conventions)
• Legislative cooperation (art. 43)

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Institutions

• Cooperation Council
• Cooperation Committee
• Parliamentary Cooperation Committee
• Subcommittees

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Reasons of difficulties in PCA implementation

• Absence of
• Conditionality
• Action motivating tool
• Effective external monitoring mechanism

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• The ENP goes beyond the existing Partnership
  and Co- operation Agreement to offer the prospect
  of an increasingly close relationship with the
  EU, involving a significant degree of economic
  integration and a deepening of political
  cooperation.

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Basic Pinciples

• Joint ownership
• Differentiation

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Basic Notions

• ENP Strategy Paper
• Country Report and Action Plan
• European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument
• Neighborhood (Enhanced) Agreement

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Genesis of ENP

• April 2002 The General Affairs Council requests
  the Commission and the High Representative for
  CFSP to elaborate ideas on the EUs relations
  with its neighbors.
• December 2002 EC President Prodi proposes A
  Policy of Proximity a ring of friends.
• December 2002 the Copenhagen European Council
  declares that the Union remains determined to
  promote stability and prosperity within and
  beyond the new borders of the Union.
• March 2003 EC Communication Wider Europe
  Neighbourhood A New Framework for Relations with
  our Eastern and Southern Neighbours
• July 2003 EC Communication 393 Paving the way
  for a New Neighbourhood Instrument
• December 2003 the European Council adopts the
  Solana document A Secure Europe in a Better
  World
• May 2004 EC Communication European
  Neighboorhoud Policy Strategy Paper

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ENP Action Plan Priorities Ar-

• Strengthening the rule of law, of democratic
  structures and pluralism (e.g. the reform of
  electoral legislation in line with Council of
  Europe (CoE) and Organisation for Security and
  Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) recommendations and
  the holding of democratic elections
  constitutional reform taking into account CoE
  recommendations reform of local
  self-government)
• Strengthening respect for human rights and
  fundamental freedoms, especially regarding
  freedom of expression and freedom of assembly
• Improvements in the business climate as well as
  public sector modernisation
• Further efforts to tackle corruption and fraud
• Reform of tax and customs administrations and
  legislation
• Progress in poverty reduction
• Progress on sustainable development and
  environmental protection
• The decommissioning of the Medzamor Nuclear Power
  Plant
• Progress towards conflict resolution and enhanced
  regional cooperation.

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ENP Action Plan Priorities - Az-

• Strengthening the rule of law, democratic
  structures and pluralism (improved institutional
  division of powers, reform of local self
  government) and strengthening of electoral
  legislation and processes so as to enhance
  democratic election standards
• Implementation of effective reform in field of
  rule of law (judiciary, law enforcement agencies)
  
• Enhanced protection of human rights and of
  freedom and independence of the media
• Increased efforts towards a balanced development
  of the overall economic system
• Improvements in the business climate as well as
  public sector modernisation
• Reform of tax and customs administrations and
  legislation
• Effective combating of corruption and fraud
• Increased transparency in the management of oil
  revenues and in the privatisation process
• Progress in poverty reduction, sustainable
  development and environmental protection
• Progress in WTO accession
• Progress in conflict resolution and enhanced
  regional cooperation.

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ENP Action Plan Priorities - Geo-

• Strengthening respect for the rule of law (reform
  of judiciary, law enforcement agencies,
  penitentiary) and enhanced human rights
  protection
• Strengthening of democratic structures and
  pluralism (reform of parliament, strengthening
  independence of media, reform of local self
  government, electoral reform)
• Improvements in the business climate as well as
  public sector modernisation
• Reform of tax and customs administrations and
  legislation and strengthening the fight against
  corruption and fraud
• A transparent privatization process
• Progress in poverty reduction, sustainable
  development environmental protection
• Progress in the resolution of conflicts and
  enhanced regional cooperation.
• Prudent macroeconomic policies need to be
  maintained to support effective implementation of
  an Action Plan.

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Reform of the whole judicial system in line with
European standards

• ensuring proper separation of powers
• improvement of training of judges, prosecutors,
  and officials in judiciary
• improved access to justice notably through the
  establishment of an effective legal aid system
• penitentiary and probation service
• system of execution of Court decisions

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• Security

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• At a certain level of inequality in terms of
  access to core Global Public Goods, the resulting
  political instability and extremism, economic
  unpredictability and massive migration flows risk
  to become uncontrollable.
• Rik Coolsaet Valérie Arnould , Global
  Governance The Next Frontier.

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Global Public Goods

• international stability and security,
• open and inclusive economic system,
• enforceable legal order,
• global welfare in all its dimensions as an
  equivalent to national welfare systems.

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• Conflict Resolution

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Priority 6 romote peaceful resolution of
internal conflicts

• Contribute to the conflicts settlement in
  Abkhazia, Georgia and Tskinvali Region/South
  Ossetia
• enhanced efforts at confidence building
• consideration of further economic assistance in
  light of the progress in the conflict settlement
  process
• Include the issue of territorial integrity of
  Georgia and settlement of Georgia's internal
  conflicts in EU-Russia political dialogue
  meetings.

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The Neighbourhood Policys overall objectives
could be summarized as

• preventing conflicts in the EUs neighbourhood
  and acts of aggression against the EU itself
• settling ongoing disputes and conflicts
• establishing close economic and political
  partnerships based on shared values, prosperity
  and security
• controlling migration and all forms of illegal
  trafficking into the EU
• protecting the security of EU citizens living
  abroad.
• Rik Coolsaet Sven Biscop (eds.), A European
  Security Concept for the 21st Century.

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Expectations

• Upgrading of trade incentives (better trade
  regime)
• Special schemes (or means) to encourage
  European investment in the country
• Establishing more liberal conditions for
  access of Georgian citizens
• Better and more intensive use of European
  Commission funds for the education and training
  of SC nationals
• Political support vis-a-vis external threat
• Enforced cooperation in Justice and Home
  Affairs issues and assistance in developing
  effective law enforcement structures, customs
  and border control institutions
• Intensive assistance in the issue of the main
  concern conflict resolution.

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• Democracy

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The Treaty on EU,Maastricht (1992), references to
democracy

• framework of the provisions on a common foreign
  and security policy according to article 11(1),
  in fact, the development and consolidation of
  democracy is among the objectives of the Union s
  CFSP.
• article 177 (2) of the Treaty Establishing a
  European Community (TEC) Community policy in
  the sphere of development cooperation should
  contribute to the general objective of developing
  and consolidating democracy

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Democracy for EU

• raison dêtre
• Community of values
• Civilian Superpower
• EU views the promotion of democracy as being
  inseparable from the attainment of peace and
  sufficient levels of material development. In
  other words, the promotion of democracy is also a
  security issue for the EU

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Guaranteesof Democracy

• liberty of association and organization, liberty
  of thinking and
• expression, right to vote, right of the political
  leaders to compete for the electoral support,
  alternative sources of
• information, possibility to be elected, free and
  fair elections, institutions that make the
  government policies depend
• on the vote. The rule of law must be added to all
  these instruments.

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• Priority area 1 
• Strengthen rule of law especially through reform
  of the judicial system, including the
  penitentiary system, and through rebuilding state
  institutions. Strengthen democratic institutions
  and respect for human rights and fundamental
  freedoms in compliance with international
  commitments of Georgia (PCA, Council of Europe,
  OSCE, UN)

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Priority area 7

• Cooperation on Foreign and Security Policy
• Enhance EU-Georgia cooperation on Common Foreign
  and Security Policy, including European Security
  and Defence Policy
• Georgia may be invited, on a case by case basis,
  to align itself with EU positions on regional and
  international issues.
• Develop possibilities for enhanced EU Georgian
  consultations on crisis management.

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Similarities in Accession Partnerships and ENP

• EU has asked CEEs to implement the following main
  political priorities
• reform of the judiciary (in particular
  independence of the judiciary),
• fight against corruption, reform of the
  administration and decentralization,
• real guarantee of political,
• civil, and economic and social rights and
  protection of minorities

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EU and its Neighbourhood