Fig' 6'01

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Fig. 6.01
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Fig. 11-28, p.283
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Porous Media

• Ground water moves through a porous media.

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Porous Media A region of space occupied in part
by heterogeneous (mixed and different) solid
material, more or less evenly distributed through
the region, and void space, and which has a high
specific surface area on the solids exposed to
the voids. The void spaces must be
interconnected so that each point in a void space
is connected to each other point by more than one
path. A medium is something that transmits
something through it.
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Fig. 10.01
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Darcys Law for flow in porous media
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Darcys Law for flow in porous media

• At lab scale (Darcys experiment)

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Ground water discharge, Q

• Analogous to Stream Discharge Q as a
• Flux (velocity) x Area

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Flux

• Length per time (m/s)
• NOT velocity
• Delivers a quantity per time.
• In this case, 1-D volume per time

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Fig. 10.01
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The Ground Water Environment
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Fig. 10.04
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Aquifer

• Saturated permeable geologic unit that can
  transmit significant quantities of water
• Note definition is very subjective

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Phreatic (water table) Aquifer
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Fig. 10.02
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Recharge

• Entry into the saturated zone of water made
  available at the water table.

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Fig. 10.07
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Discharge

• Removal of water from the saturated zone across
  the water-table surface.

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Source to Sink

• Recharge to Discharge Ground water flow is from
  regions of recharge to regions of discharge.

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Fig. 10.03
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Fig. 11-28, p.283
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Confined aquifer

• An aquifer confined between two aquitards,
  receiving recharge from a recharge zone rather
  than regionally.
• Aquitard (aka aquiclude) are impermeable
• Water level in wells rise above the top of the
  aquifer forming a potentiometric surface.

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Fig. 10.05
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Fig. 10.06
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Cone of Depression

• An inverted-cone shaped surface in the water
  table OR potentiometric surface induced by
  pumping.

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Fig. 10.08
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Fig. 10.09
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Pumping and Subsidence
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Fig. 10.11
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Saltwater Encroachment
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Fig. 10.12
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Fig. 10.13
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Fig. 10.18
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Water Availability in the Hydrologic Cycle
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Fig. 6.01
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Fig. 10.19
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Table 10.01
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Ground Water Mining
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Fig. 10.10
Ground Water Mining Orange Areas where
withdrawal exceeds recharge
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Fig. 10.20
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Fig. 10.31
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Water Use
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Fig. 10.21
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Fig. 10.22
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Fig. 10.23
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Fig. 10.27
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Fig. 10.26
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Fig. 16.02