Ex. 14 Division Anthophyta:

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Ex. 14 Division Anthophyta

• Flowering Plants - The Flower

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Introductory Notes

• Plants may reproduce asexually or sexually
• Sexual reproduction involves a flower
• Flowers come in many different styles and forms
• As a result of pollination and fertilization
  flowers produce fruits and seeds

3
Highlight or underline

• Flowering plants, often called angiosperms,
  represent the most advanced group of plants.
  they are also the most abundant and familiar. The
  reproductive structure isa flower

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Floral Parts (External Morphology)

• Highlight or underline The basic features of a
  complete flower include four types of structures.
• Sepals (collectively the calyx)
• Petals (collectively the corolla)
• Stamens a male reproductive structure consists of
  
• 1. Filament
• 2. Anther where pollen is produced

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(External Morphology Cont.)

• The female reproductive organs the pistil or
  carpels consist of
• 1. Ovary
• 2. Stigma
• 3. Style
• The ovary is where the ovules, which will develop
  into seeds, develop
• After pollination the ovary will develop into a
  fruit

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(External Morphology Cont.)

• The sepals and petals are know as accessory parts
  since they are not necessary for reproduction
• The anthers and pistils are called essential
  parts
• A complete flower is one that has all four
  floral parts
• An incomplete flower is one that lacks any one of
  these parts
• Perfect flowers are those with both male and
  female structures
• Imperfect flowers are unisexual

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Floral Evolution

• Highlight or underline
• Previous exercises emphasized differences in
  monocots and dicots.
• These groups differ in flower structure also.
  Monocots typically have floral parts in 3s
  usually 3 or 6. Dicots usually have their parts
  in multiples of 4 or 5.

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Flower Structure Tulip
Answer questions 1 and 3
Answer 2 - radial
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Figure 14.2
Anther
Filament
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Answer question 4
Skip 5
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Figure 14.3 Gladiolus
Stigma
Ovary
Style
Carpel
Based on the number of flower parts - Answer
question 6
Ovules
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Florists geranium
Answer question 7
Sepals
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Florists geranium
Answer questions 8 and 9
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Figure 14.4
Draw and label
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Figure 14.6
Pistils
Stamen
Hypanthium
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Snapdragon
answer as many of questions 14-20 as you can
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Figure 14.7
Ovary Wall
Ovules
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Daisy, Chrysanthemum
Highlight or underline The daisy has two types
of flowers, outer ray flowers and inner disc
flowers.
Disc Flower
Figure 14.8
Ray Flower
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21. Asymmetrical
22. Epigynous
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Dandelion
Figure 14.9
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Pollen Development

• Highlight or underline
• A young anther contains 4 microsporangiaeach
  contains many microspore mother cellseach
  produce 4 microspores each becomes a pollen
  grain

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Pollen Development
Figure 14.10
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Ovule Development

• Highlight or underline
• An ovule consists of a megasporangium a single
  large megaspore mother cells develops in
  eacheach of these make 4 megaspores 3 of which
  deteriorate. The surviving megaspore develops
  into the female gametophyte know as the embryo
  sac.

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Ovule Development
Figure 14.14
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Pollination and Fertilization

• Highlight or underline The culmination of the
  development of the gametophytes is the
  fertilization of the egg and the beginning of a
  new generation of plants.
• Pollination is simply the transfer of pollen from
  eh male reproductive structure to the female
  structure.

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Pollination and Fertilization

• When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a
  receptive pistil it completes development. The
  tube nucleus penetrates through the tissue of the
  style. The pollen tube somehow locates the
  micropyle and discharges two sperm nuclei into
  the embryo sac. One of these fuses with the egg
  forming a zygote. The other joins with the polar
  nuclei forming (3n) endosperm. This is known as
  double fertilization.

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Figure 14.19
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Questions

• 1. Flowers vs. cones
• 2.
• Sepals protection bud
• Petals attract pollinators
• Stigma capture pollen
• Ovary contains ovules
• C. Essentially the same

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Questions

• 5. Ray - outside, disc- center ray- pink, disc
  yellow ray asymmetrical, disc radial
• 6. Flowers/cones
• 7. Conifers depend on wind
• 8. Pollination - transfer of pollen
  fertilization union of sperm and egg