SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
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Social Thinking

• Our behavior is affected by our inner attitudes
  as well as by external social influences

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• Americans today express much less racial and
  gender Prejudice

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• Vivid cases (9/11 terrorists) feed Stereotypes

Illusory Correlation Effect
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Social Thinking

• Attitudes follow behavior
• Cooperative actions feed mutual liking
• In-group v.s. Out-group

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Social Relations
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Social Thinking ATTRIBUTION

• How we explain someones behavior affects how we
  react to it

OHT 176
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Attribution

• Basic Processes
• Internal attribution (dispositional)
• External attribution (situational)
• Bernard Weiner
• stable-unstable
• internal-external
• consensus
• consistency
• distinctiveness
• Defensive Attribution

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Attribution (cont.)

• Biases
• Fundamental Attribution Error
• Actor Bias
• Observer Bias
• Self-Serving Bias
• Cultural Influences
• Individualism vs. Collectivism

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Interpersonal Attraction

• Perspectives on Love
• Passionate vs. Companionate
• (intimacy commitment)
• Attachment Process
• -secure -anxious-ambivalent -avoidant

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Social RelationsFactors In Attractiveness
Mere Exposure Effect Repeated exposure to novel
stimuli increases liking for them

• Conceptions of attractiveness vary by culture

1. Physical Matching Hypothesis 2.
Similarity 3. Proximity
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Attitudes

• Structure
• Components
• Cognitive
• Affective
• Behavioral
• Dimensions
• Attitude Strength
• Attitude Accessibility
• Attitude Ambivalence
• Looking Glass Effect
• Butterfly Effect

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Attitudes (cont.)

• Trying to change attitudes (Persuasion)
• Source factors
• Message factors
• Receiver factors
• Channel factors

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Elaboration Likelihood ModelCentral route vs.
Peripheral route
Theories of Attitude Change (cont.)
CENTRAL
HIGH ELABORATION
STABLE
PERIPHERAL
LOW ELABORATION
LESS DURABLE
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Theory of Attitude Change (cont.)

• Cognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger

By changing our attitudes
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Compliance

• Foot-in-the-Door-Phenomenon
• Door-in-the-Face
• Low Ball
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
• Deindividuation
• Spiral of Conflict

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Social Exchange Theory Altruism

• Peace Making
• Superordinate goals
• GRIT (Graduated Reciprocated Initiatives in
  Tension Reduction)
• a strategy designed to decrease international
  tensions
• one side announces recognition of mutual
  interests and initiates a small conciliatory act
• opens door for reciprocation by other party

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Social Relations

• Social trap
• by pursuing our self-interest and not trusting
  others, we can end up losers

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• Social Relations Bystander Effect
• Diffusion of
  Responsibility

• The decision-making process for Bystander
  Intervention

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Behavior in Groups

• Group Processes (R.Zajonc)
• Social Facilitation
• Social Loafing
• Group Polarization
• Groupthink

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Social Influence

• If a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens
  its prevailing opinions

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Yielding To Others Conformity Solomon Asch

• Informational Social Influence
• Influence resulting from ones willingness to
  accept others opinions about reality

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Social Influence

• Participants judged which person in Slide 2 was
  the same as the person in Slide 1

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Social Influence

• Aschs conformity experiments

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Social Influence Obedience Stanley Milgram

• Milgrams follow-up obedience experiment

(Teacher)
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Social Influence
Roles
Philip Zimbardos Prison Study
http//prisonexp.org/

• Some individuals will resist social coercion