Review of Verbs

1
Review of Verbs
2
Basic Tense Formation and Meanings(See Mueller,
29-31)

• Present stem endings I am loosing
• Future stem s same endings as present I
  will loose
• Imperfect augment stem endings I was
  loosing
• 1 aorist augment stem s endings I
  loosed
• 2 aorist augment irreg. stem same endings
  as impf. (cf. elipon Davis 181) I left
• Perfect reduplication stem k endings I
  have loosed
• Pluperfect (augment) reduplication stem k
  endings I had loosed
• Forms of eivmi, - Mueller, 32

3
Subjunctive(Mueller, 32-34)

• Formation connecting vowel lengthens aorist has
  no augment.
• Tenses express kind of action (continuing or
  punctiliar), not time.
• Uses of Subjunctive
• Purpose ina in order that one may (
  167).
• Hortatory 1st pl. Let us ( 174).
• Deliberative question What are we to do? (
  194).
• 3rd class condition eva,n w/ subj. fut. ind.
  (or other) Condition undetermined but with
  prospect of determination - If he comes, he will
  conquer. ( 212)
• Prohibition mh, aor. subj. prohibition of
  action not yet begun Do not begin to (
  317).
• (Prohibition of continuing an action already
  begun requires Pres. Imperative.)
• 6. Emphatic future negation ouv mh, with aor.
  subj. will never, will by no means.

4
Four Classes of Conditional Sentences

• Condition determined as fulfilled ( 149)
• Protasis eiv ind., Apodosis ind. (or any
  mood)
• If he came, he conquered.
• Condition determined as unfulfilled (contrary to
  fact) ( 381)
• Protasis eiv past tense ind., Apodosis an
  past tense ind.
• If he had come, he would have conquered.
• Condition undetermined but with prospect of
  determination (FMV) ( 212)
• Protasis eva,n subj., Apodosis fut. ind. (or
  any tense/mood)
• If he comes, he will conquer.
• Condition undetermined and with remote prospect
  of determination (FLV) ( 513)
• Protasis eiv optative, Apodosis an
  optative
• If he should come, he would conquer.

5
Imperative(Mueller, 34-35)

• Formation no 1st person distinctive endings
  (except 2nd pl.) no augment.
• Translate as command loose
• 3rd person let him/them loose
• mh, present imperative prohibition of action
  already begun

6
Infinitives(Mueller, 85-86)

• Formation all infinitives have endings in ein or
  ai no augments.
• Time element is remote tenses express kind of
  action.
• Uses of infinitive
• Complementary to blank
• Substantive construed with neuter article
  dont translate article (Davis, 357 pt. 1c,
  2b).
• Indirect discourse accusative of gen. ref.
  inf. that (Davis, 334).
• le,gousin auvto.n me,nein)
• They say that he remains.
• Subject of infinitive is in accusative case.
• Infinitive clauses preposition acc. of gen.
  ref. inf. (see next slide).

7
Infinitive Clauses (Davis, 357, pt. 4)

• Preposition Infinitive Accus. of Gen. Ref.
• Prep. becomes subordinate conjunction.
• pro, before
• dia, because
• meta, after
• eivj in order that
• evn while
• Infinitive becomes verb.
• Accusative becomes subject. (Infinitives take
  subject in accusative case.)
• tau/ta eivpon eivj to. mh. me,nein uma/j evn
  th/ amarti,a
• I said these things in order that you might not
  remain in sin.

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Participle Usage

• 1. Attributive ( 244) see Lesson 30
• Has article modifies a noun.
• Translate the blanking noun the noun which
  blanks.
• 2. Substantive ( 245) see Lesson 30
• Has article stands in place of understood noun.
• Translate the blanking one the one who
  blanks.
• 3. Circumstantial ( 254, 256)
• No article makes additional statement.
• First attempt Blanking/having blanked.
• Expansion While/after/because he blanked, etc.

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Participle Usage cont.

• 4. Genitive absolute ( 265)
• No article (like circumstantial).
• Participle and noun (or pronoun) in genitive
  case.
• Disconnected from main clause.
• Translation similar to circumstantial
• First attempt Participial phrase the noun
  having blanked...
• Expansion into subordinate clause
  While/after/because the noun blanked...
• Noun agreeing with part. becomes subject. (Noun
  in gen. case is translated as subject!)
• Do NOT translate the genitive as of!!!!!!!!!

10
Examples of Attributive and Substantive
Participles

• o khru,sswn avpostolo,j o avpostolo.j o
  khru,sswn
• the preaching apostle the apostle who is
  preaching
• o khru,sswn
• the one who preaches
• to. ploi/on to. avgorazo,menon to.
  avgorazo,menon ploi/on
• the boat which is being bought
• ta. blepo,mena
• the things which are seen
• evn th/ evlpi,di th/ menou,sh evn th/
  menou,sh evlpi,di
• in the hope which abides

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Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• eivpw.n tau/ta avph/lqen)
• eivpw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having said these things, he
  departed.
• Expansion if necessary for clarity
• Temporal When/after he said these things, he
  departed.
• Consecutive He said these things and departed.
• ivdw.n tau/ta evdo,xaze to.n qeo,n)
• ivdw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having seen these things, he was
  glorifying God.
• Temporal When/after he saw these things, he was
  glorifying God.
• Causal Because he saw these things, he was
  glorifying God.
• Consecutive He saw these things and was
  glorifying God.

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Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• 3. eivpw.n tau/ta avpe,rcetai)
• eivpw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having said these things, he
  departs.
• Temporal When/after he said these things, he
  departs.
• 4. pare,labon auvto.n eivpo,nta tau/ta)
• eivpo,nta agrees with auvto.n.
• First attempt They received him having said
  these things. (Cant leave it this way unclear
  who said these things.)
• Temporal They received him when/after he said
  these things.
• Causal They received him because he said these
  things.

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Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• 5. tuflo.j wn arti ble,pw)
• wn agrees with understood I.
• First attempt Being blind, now I see.
• Concessive Whereas/although I was blind, now I
  see.
• Hymnic (?) I once was blind but now I see.
• 6. ercomai zhtw/n karpo,n)
• zhtw/n agrees with understood I.
• First attempt I come seeking fruit.
• Telic (purpose) I come (in order) to seek
  fruit.

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Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• 7. poreuo,menoi evkh,russon)
• poreuo,menoi agrees with understood they.
• First attempt Advancing (going), they were
  preaching.
• Temporal As/while they were advancing (going),
  they were preaching. (Note pres. part.
  translated past because finite verb is imperf.)
• 8. hlqon zhtw/n ka,rpon)
• zhtw/n agrees with understood I.
• First attempt I came seeking fruit.
• Telic (purpose) I came (in order) to seek
  fruit.
• 9. upolabw.n eipen)
• upolabw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having answered (answering), he
  said.
• Consecutive He answered and said. (Note aor.
  part. here is simultaneous with finite verb.)

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Circumstantial vs. Genitive Absolute

• Circumstantial part. agrees with noun/pronoun
  in sentence.
• eipontej tau/ta avph/lqon oi dou/loi)
  (circumstantial)
• eipontej agrees with dou/loi (subject).
• Having said these things, the slaves departed.
• After they said these things, the slaves
  departed.
• 2. Gen. abs. part. agrees with noun/pronoun
  having no grammatical connection to main clause.
• eivpo,ntwn tw/n maqhtw/n avph/lqon oi dou/loi)
  (gen. abs.)
• eivpo,ntwn agrees with maqhtw/n (no place in
  sentence).
• The disciples having said these things, the
  slaves departed.
• After the disciples said these things, the
  slaves departed.
• NOT Of the disciples saying or Of saying the
  disciples

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Examples of Genitive Absolute ( 265)

• tau/ta eivpo,ntwn tw/n maqhtw/n oi dou/loi
  hlqon eivj to.n oikon)
• eivpo,ntwn agrees with maqhtw/n (no place in
  sentence).
• The disciples having said these things, the
  slaves went into the house.
• After the disciples said these things, the
  slaves went into the house.
• NOT Of the disciples saying or Of saying the
  disciples
• genome,nhj hme,raj oi poime,nej avph/lqon)
• genome,nhj agrees with hme,raj (no place in
  sentence).
• Day having come, the shepherds departed.
• When day had come, the shepherds departed.
• NOT Of day having come or Of coming of day

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Examples of Genitive Absolute ( 265)

• 3. auvtou/ le,gontoj tau/ta oi dou/loi
  avph/lqon)
• le,gontoj agrees with auvtou/ (no place in
  sentence).
• He saying these things, the slaves departed.
  (awkward)
• While he was saying these things, the slaves
  departed. (Note pres. part. translated past.)
• NOT Of the disciples saying or Of saying the
  disciples
• 4. eti amartwlw/n ontwn hmw/n Cristo.j upe.r
  hmw/n avpe,qanen)
• ontwn agrees with first hmw/n (no place in
  sentence).
• We still being sinners, Christ died for us.
  (awkward)
• While we were still sinners, Christ died for
  us. (Note pres. part. translated past.)
• NOT Of sinners being us or Of us being
  sinners