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Exploration and Expansion 1400-1800

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Title: Exploration and Expansion 1400-1800


1
Exploration and Expansion1400-1800
  • Chapter 16 Section 1

2
Whats Your Opinion
  • A nations need for natural resources encourages
    national commitment to exploration and discovery.
  • Natural Resource- land or raw materials occur
    naturally within environments that exist
    relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural
    form.
  • Natural Resource include
  • Agriculture
  • Air, wind and atmosphere
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Wildlife
  • Coal and Fossil fuels
  • Soils
  • Water, Oceans, Lakes and Rivers

3
Whats Your Opinion
  • Exploration can lead to confrontations and
    mistreatment of conquered peoples.

4
The Main Idea
  • The Scientific Revolution challenged and changed
    the way people thought about the world.
  • 1543

5
From Magic to Science
  • Well into the 1500s
  • Many Europeans saw little difference between
    science and magic.
  • Alchemists used spells and magic formulas to try
    to change one substance to another
  • Lead into gold
  • Astrologers believed that the position of the
    stars in the sky influenced human life.
  • Full moon?
  • Cures

THIS MEANS NO TEST FOR CHAPTER 16!!!
6
From Magic to Science
  • Scientific Revolution
  • People began to use experiments and mathematics
    to understand these mysteries.
  • People no longer were content to explain the
    world in terms of
  • Religious thought
  • Magic
  • Or ideas of ancient writers

7
The Study of Nature
  • Scientists now formed conclusions based on what
    they could observe with their own senses.
  • Instead of relying on classical Greek and Roman
    thinkers.

8
The New Study of Nature
  • Scientists used mathematics to check and apply
    those measurements
  • They would repeat their experiments to make sure
    they have the same result
  • Based on what they observed they made
    conclusions.
  • These steps and manner of study is called
  • Scientific method

9
Chart for Test
  • 1. Ptolemy- Geocentric
  • Biblical references Psalm 931, 9610, and 1
    Chronicles 1630 include text stating that
  • "the world is firmly established, it cannot be
    moved."
  • In the same manner, Psalm 1045 says,
  • "the Lord set the earth on its foundations it
    can never be moved."
  • Further, Ecclesiastes 15 states that
  • "And the sun rises and sets and returns to its
    place" etc.46

10
  • In the A.D. 100s,
  • Ptolemy (tull-uh-mee) stated that EARTH was the
    center of the universe
  • Sun and planets moved around the Earth
  • Ptolemys theory is called geocentric theory
  • Geo Earth
  • centric- centered

11
Astronomy
  • Nicolaus Copernicus
  • 1500s
  • Abandoned Ptolemy's geocentric theory
  • He argued that the SUN was the center of the
    universe
  • De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the
    Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres),
  • published in 1543 just before his death
  • is often regarded as the starting point of modern
    astronomy and the defining epiphany that began
    the scientific revolution
  • Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory
  • Or sun-centered theory
  • How do you think people reacted to this theory?
  • What did the people see? As in with the Earth?

12
Astronomy
  • The problem was
  • Copernicus did not have the instruments nor
    mathematics to prove his theory.
  • It was just a hypothesis, or guess

13
  • Johannes Kepler
  • Brilliant mathematician
  • Used models, observation and mathematics to test
    Copernicus's theory.
  • Some of Copernicus ideas were wrong
  • But Kepler eventually proved the heliocentric
    theory CORRECT.
  • But now how we can we prove it to everyone?

14
Chart for Test
  • 1. Ptolemy- Geocentric (100s)
  • 2. Nicolaus Copernicus (1543)
  • 3. Johannes Kepler (early 1600s)
  • 4. Galileo Galilei (1616)

15
  • Galileo Galilei
  • Built a telescope and began studying the heavens.
  • Made improvements
  • Able to see things that no one had ever seen.
  • Mountains and valleys of the moon
  • Rings around Saturn
  • Spots on the sun
  • Moons circling Jupiter
  • Drew sketches of the things he observed
  • Did he publish his works?
  • Published his findings in 1632

16
Astronomy
  • His work caused an uproar
  • Scholars that still believed in Ptolemy's theory
    refused to accept Galileos theory.
  • Church scholars disapproved Galileos theory that
    seemed to contradict the Bible.
  • Telescope was an invention of the devil

17
Physics
  • Isaac Newton
  • 1687
  • Published a book building on the work of
    Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
  • Newton showed that the motions of objects on
    Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the
    same set of natural laws
  • by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's
    laws of planetary motion and his theory of
    gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about
    heliocentrism and advancing the scientific
    revolution.
  • Realized that the force that holds the planets in
    their orbits and the force that causes objects to
    fall to Earth are one and the same.

18
Physics
  • Isaac Newton
  • Proposed the law of universal gravitation
  • All bodies attract each other and this attraction
    can be measured.
  • He tied together the movement of all things in
    the heavens and on Earth.
  • Newtons work had a huge impact on the science of
    his time and today
  • Automobile seatbelts
  • Space travel

19
Anatomy
  • Andreas Vesalius
  • 1543
  • Published On the Fabric of the Human Body
  • Illustrations of the human body that were
    detailed for the time.
  • Helped readers gain a visual understanding of
  • the many complicated components of the body
  • and of how they work together.
  • William Harvey
  • Studied the circulation of blood
  • Described how blood moved through the veins and
    arteries
  • Observed the working of the bodies most important
    muscle
  • The heart
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