Jimmy Carter 1977- 1980

1
Jimmy Carter 1977- 1980

• A Troubled Presidency?

2
Economic Crisis

• Oil Embargo of 1973-74 by Arab countries
• Imports of oil after 74 continue to increase as
  does our dependence on foreign oil
• OPEC raises oil prices OUCH!

3
Theres More.

• As dollar loses value internationally, inflation
  also increases at home (more per good)
• Trade deficit increases
• Carter unable to balance the Federal Budget
• Stagflation low growth and inflation!

4
US Production

• Sees declines in many industries as costs
  increase
• Sees competition from abroad in manufactures
• Agriculture sales decrease abroad 12 of
  framers earn 90 of Ag. Income
• AFL-CIO (labor unions) lose 30 of
  membershipless political influence for workers
  more non-union and overseas jobs

5
Domestic Social Issues Continue

• Income gap continues to widen
• Women lose economic ground
• Divorce rate increases
• Increase numbers of babies born out of wedlock
• Urban underclass increases
• Struggle for equality among minorities continues

6
Social Pressures Give Rise to New Conservatism

• Anti-Abortion Groups
• Anti-Gay groups
• Anti-ERA
• Anti-Busing
• Moral Majority, Inc by Jerry Falwell

7
Carters Foreign Policy

• Human rights abroad as well as at home
• Stop aiding dictators
• Continue with détente (easing the tensions with
  the Soviets)
• Peace in the Middle East
• Crusader for Human Rights

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U.S. Russian Relations

• SALT II 1979 Leonid Brezhnev Carter sign
  treaty expanding on SALT I (1972) Congress never
  ratified it.
• Continued with Détente established by Kissinger
  Nixon
• Called for better treatment of dissidents in
  Russia

9
Carter gets caught up in History

• Our past support of anti-communist dictators
• Our distrust of the Soviet Union
• Our dependency on Middle East oil

10
Détente????

• Sanctions against USSR in response to 5,000
  Soviet troops sent to Afghanistan in support of
  pro-soviet government
• Boycott of Olympics in Moscow in 1980
• US Embargo of Grain to USSR (not complete)
• 40 actions taken against USSR

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The return of the Panama Canal
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U.S. Latin America

• Reduced spending on aid to militaries in Central
  and South America
• Negotiated agreement to give Panama Canal back to
  Panama in 2000

13
US Chinese Relations

• Continue with Détente towards China
• US establishes normal diplomatic relations with
  China
• China is accepted into the UN

14
Carter as Negotiator

• Camp David Accords signed signaled first peace
  agreement between Israel (under Manachem Begin)
  and Egypt (under Anwar el-Sadat)
• Created first framework for peace between Israel
  and an Arab nation

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Exchange land for peace
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US Iranian Relations

• What should Carter have done?

17
Failure in Iran
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Iran- The Shah of Iran a toppled ally
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Anti-Shah demonstration in Tehran 1978
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Students topple Shahs statue
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Anti-Shah protest in Beverly Hills, California
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The Shah and his wife leave Iran - 1979

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A new enemy Ayatollah Khomeni
Religious fundamentalism rejects the west U.S.
was called The Great Satan
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In Tehran
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The Shahs generals executed
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The spin of the press
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A failed attempt to free the hostages

• April 1980 Operation Eagle Claw helicopter
  crash
• Sec. Of State resigns in protest
• Damages Carters presidency

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444 days
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Finally, Hostages Released!

• Released as a result of the Algiers Accord on
  Jan. 20, 1981
• This occurred minutes after Ronald Reagan was
  sworn into office
• Many argue Carter lost the 1980 election as a
  result of this

32
Nicaragua, another Foreign Policy disaster
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The Sandinistas
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Revolution

• Land reform
• Literacy programs
• Improved health care
• Ties to the Soviet Union and Cuba

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Nicaraguan dictators and kleptocrats Anastasio
Somoza and his brother Luis
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And it goes way back . . .FDR with Somoza Sr.
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Support for Dictators

• In Conflict with Human Rights