THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
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• First Estate The church, own 65 land tax
  exempt (.5 of pop)
• Second Estate Nobles who hold govt military
  postions. Own 25 of land. Tax exempt.
• (1.5 of pop)

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• Third Estate 98 of pop, pay all taxes, own no
  land
• Includes peasants
• Bourgeoisie who were middle class (drs
  Merchants, lawyers, writers
• upset w/ nobles)

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• Many problems
• Bad harvests, rising food prices, lack of food
  clothes, little manufacturing, govt spending
  money on wars, luxuries.

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• Louis XVI meets w/ Estates General (a gathering
  of representatives from all three estates) to
  raise taxes.

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• Each estate gets ONE vote so 3rd asks for a vote
  from each person.
• 3rd wants to get rid of tax exempt.
• King says no locks palaces so 3rd cant meet.

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• 3rd Estate meets 6/17/1789 calls itself
  National Assembly
• Swear TENNIS COURT OATH to write new Fr
  constitution

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• July 14th, 1789 mob storms Bastille, (prison in
  Paris) after Louis XVI uses troops against
  National Assembly.

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• National Assembly met on Aug. 4th, 1789
  abolish rights of landlords, Church tithes tax
  exemptions (after rebellions broke out)

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• Aug 26, 1789, adopt Declaration of the Rights of
  Man which gave basic liberties for MEN such as
  equal rights, freedom of press, speech no tax
  exempt. (enlightenment ideas)

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• Louis XVI says no.
• Armed women march force family to Paris to
  accept Declaration of Man National Assembly

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• New constitution written 1791
• Creates Legislative Assembly limited king
• Men who paid certain amt in taxes could vote (2/3
  of pop).

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• Lower classes say no b/c they cant vote
• King flees is caught.
• Aus Prussia want Louis back in power, so Leg
  Assembly declare
• war (big losses).

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• 1792 radical groups called COMMUNES organize to
  protest new Constitution
• Paris Commune gets king forces Legislative
  Assembly to call for National Convention (a
  meeting) where all can vote (universal suffrage)

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• Communes called themselves the SANS-COULOTTES
• (had no fine clothes, wore pants were mostly
  poor working class)

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• At National Convention, New Minister of Justice,
  Georges Danton is created to go after royal
  supporters.
• 1000s murdered.

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• DO NOT WRITE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Sept 1792 National Convention is ruling body.
• Mostly lawyers property owners who distrust
  king.
• Spilt into 2 groups over what to do w/ king.
• Both part of JACOBINS- a network of political
  groups. GIRONDINS- keep king alive. MOUNTAIN-
  Kill king

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• King guillotined 1793
• Other nations go to war against France (Aus,
  Pru, SP, Br, Port, Rus).

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• DONT WRITE!
• Also killed Louis wife, Marie Antoinette.
• Famous for her excess for saying let them eat
  cake

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• Nat Convention gives the COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC
  SAFETY broad powers to do anything protect
  France from enemies of the Revolution
• Prosecuted enemies of rev 40,000 die, 16,000 by
  guillotine alone)

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• MAXIMILLAIN ROBESPIERRE ran the CPS w/ Danton
  (1793-94)

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• Time period was called the Reign of Terror when
  many were killed.

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• France built a huge army, pushing back its
  enemies.
• National Convention guillotined Robespierre in
  1794.
• Middle class took over reduce power of CPS.
  They set up new Constitution w/ a new leg
  assembly of 2 houses.

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• 5 directors act as executive committee called
  DIRECTORY. Very Corrupt

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NAPOLEON Dynamite
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NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
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• Napoleon led COUP DE TAT (or sudden overthrow)
  in 1799 of Directory

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• Set up new govt called CONSULATE Napoleon is
  consul controls army, foreign affairs
  legislature.
• Crowns self Emperor in 1804, but
• called France
• a republic

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• Made agreement w/ Catholic church where he
  recognized it as church of France in return
  pope did not ask for stolen lands back.

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• The Napoleonic Code created 7 codes of law.
• CIVIL CODE most important. equality of
  citizens, religious toleration, abolish serfdom,
  choose profession.
• (ideas of liberty)

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• Despotism
• 1. hurt womens rights divorce.
• 2. Censored newspapers, govt opened mail
• 3. Secret police
• 4. New nobles mostly military middle class.

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• DO NOT WRITE!!!!
• When Nap became Consul, he signed peace,
• War begins again in 1803
• Btw 1805-1807, Nap beats Aus, Prus, Rus
  armies.

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• Built GRAND EMPIRE btw 1807-1812 which included
  Fr Italy, Holland, Swiss Republic, SP, Rhine
  Confederation Warsaw

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• DONT WRITE!!!!
• Nap tries to invade GB, but navy defeats Nap at
  Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
• Tries to block trade of Brit to Euro through
  CONTINENTAL SYSTEM (cant buy/sell Br goods)
• other states still did.

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• Invades Russia in 1812 (wont follow Cont Sys.)
• Grand Army of 600,000 march in.
• Rus army retreats 100s of miles, burning own
  villages as, so French cant
• get supplies.

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• Find Moscow in flames in Winter. Nap retreats
  only 40,000 men live.

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NAPOLEON RETREATS
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Stop throwing snowballs at my men!
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• DO NOT WRITE!!!
• Nations rise against a weakened France.
• Paris taken in Mar 1814
• Napoleon exiled to Elba monarchy restored
• Louis XVIII weak.
• Nap escapes troops join his side despite being
  sent to capture him

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• With troops on his side claims self emperor
  goes to Paris Mar 20, 1815.
• Nations rise
• again to get rid
• of Nap.

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• At Battle of Waterloo, June 18, 1815 Nap defeated
  by Duke Wellington exiled to St Helena (dies
  there)