Progressive Era

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Progressive Era

• Can The American Dream "Overcome" The American
  Nightmare?
• Why Do Do-Gooders Do The Things They Do?

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Aim Did the Progressive Era go far enough in
seeking democratic reforms?

• Do Now What areas in society needed to be
  changed at the turn of the century?

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Goals of the Progressives

• Protect social welfare
• Promote morality
• Economic reforms
• efficiency

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Goals of the Progressives

• Believed the govt could no longer maintain a
  laissez-faire attitude
• Govt responsibility to be guardian of the
  American people
• Help poor, solve problems of Indians, improve
  working conditions

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Muckrakers

• Exposed abuses of industrial society and
  corruption through writing

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Famous Muckrakers

• Lincoln Steffens corruption in city governments
• Ida Tarbell illegal tactics of Rockefeller
  (oil)
• Jacob Riis conditions of the poor, tenement
  life and working conditions

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Famous Muckrakers

• Upton Sinclair Jungle meat packing industry
• Ray Stannard Baker following the color line
• Frank Norris farmers abuse from the R.R.

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Upton Sinclair
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Aim How did the Progressive Movement reform
problems in Gov't?
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Political Reforms

• Secret Ballot voters were less subject to
  pressure and intimidation
• Initiative voters could directly introduce
  bills in state legislatures and could vote on
  whether or not that bill passed

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Political Reforms

• Referendum voters could get a bill placed on
  ballot vote on an initiative
• Recall elected officials could be removed by
  voters in a special election

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Political Reforms

• Direct primary special elections to determine
  whom party members wan to represent them
• 17th amendment 1912 direct election of senators

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Aim Did Theodore Roosevelt offer the American
people a Square Deal?

• Do Now Should the government be responsible for
  correcting problems in society?
• What did TR mean by Square Deal?

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Teddy Roosevelt

• Hero in the Spanish-American War led the Rough
  Riders to famous victories
• V.P. under McKinley takes over after his
  assasination in 1901 at 42 years old
• Elected officially in 1904

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Teddy Roosevelt
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THE Three Cs of the Square Deal

• Consumer Protection
• Conservation
• Controlling Corporations

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Trust - Bustin

• Some were regulated while others were dissolved

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The Coal Strike

• 1902
• Coal mine owners refused to negotiate with
  workers
• Send army to take over the mine
• Won shorter hours and higher wages

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Interstate Commerce Commission

• Hepburn Act strengthen the ICC
• It could now fix RR rates
• Regulate pipelines, ferries, bridges

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Pure Food And Drug Act

• 1906 FDA
• Banned use of harmful additions in foods and
  banned false advertising for drugs

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Meat Inspection Act

• 1906 federal investigation of industry
• set health and sanitary standards for all phases
  of the meatpacking industry

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Conservation

• New lands Reclamation Act set aside from the
  sale of public land to build dams and irrigation
  systems in the west
• US Forest Service

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Aim Who was a better Progressive President?

• Do Now What would a president have to do to
  compare to T.R.

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William Howard Taft 1909-1913

• He was elected president in 1908 with a popular
  vote of 7,675,320 to 6,412,294 for Nebraska
  editor and Democratic candidate William Jennings
  Bryan, and an electoral vote of 321 to Bryan's
  162. Although decisive, Taft's margin of victory
  was not as great as Roosevelt's had been in the
  previous election.

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William Howard Taft 1909-1913
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William Howard Taft 1909-1913

• Payne Aldrich Tariff highest tariff ever
• Conservation supported Sec of Interior used
  land for profit, and sold back to public

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Bull Moose Party

• T.R. back from Africa to run for Pres
• New Nationalism fed gov't would extend power
  and use it for welfare of the people
• Rep party splits Progressive Party is created

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Progressive Party

• strong as a bull moose
• Minimum wage, better conditions, no child labor,
  suffrage, control business, 8 hr work day

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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

• The New Freedom
• Strong president
• Tame big business, open up competition
• Attack tariffs, trusts and banks The Triple Wall
  of Privilege

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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

• Underwood Tariff lowered tariff by 25
• Believed high tariffs only helped the rich and
  hurt the average American

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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

• Graduated income tax 1913
• Rich taxed at higher rate than less well off
• Led to 16th amendment
• Source of revenue for gov't

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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

• Federal Reserve Act set up banking system for
  US
• Regulate and control money I circulation

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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

• Clayton Anti Trust Act outlawed monopolistic
  business practices
• Labor unions were not trusts
• Workers could strike and picket

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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

• Federal Trade Commission Act created to
  preserve competition
• Investigate complaints monitor unfair business
  practices

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Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

• Key Amendments
• 16th income tax
• 17th senators direct election
• 18th - prohibition
• 19 womens suffrage

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Aim How effective were the efforts of women
during the Temperance movement?

• Do Now Would banning cigarettes stop many health
  problems?

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Womens Rights movement

• 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
• To end legal inequalities faced by married women

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Womens Christian Temperance Movement

• Founded in 1874
• Alcohol was a serious problem in society
• WCTU help with poverty, physical abuse, child
  neglect,
• Protection from alcohol would solve all of these
  problems

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18th amendment

• WCTU gained public support
• 1917 congress passed the amendment making alcohol
  illegal
• Prohibition begins

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Anti Saloon League
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Aim Should women have been given the right to
vote sooner?

• Is it important to be able to vote?

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1848 Seneca Falls

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized womens
  convention
• End legal inequalities
• 1853 Susan B. Anthony main goal is womens
  suffrage

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Womens leaders
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Women should vote because

• Getting better jobs
• Going to college
• Living in cities increased their awareness of
  political and social problems

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National American Woman Suffrage Association

• NAWSA 1890
• Fought for womens rights
• Argue that the US in not a true democracy

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19th amendment

• 1920 no state can deny a citizen the right to
  vote based on sex

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Aim How did African Americans try to achieve
equality?

• Do Now What was the ruling in Plessy v.
  Ferguson?

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Booker T Washington

• Social Equality was not a priority
• Work for success in order to achieve economic
  equality

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• Wanted youths to learn a useful trade
• Achieve economic stability

http//historymatters.gmu.edu/d/88
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• Racial equality was not a priority economic
  equality was more important

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W.E.B. Du Bois

• Demanded complete equality
• Social and economic equality
• End to voting restrictions

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• Achieve social equality
• Fight for equal rights
• Demanded immediate social, political, and
  economic equality.
• Education was the key.

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W.E.B. Du Bois

• First African-American to graduate from Harvard
  University.
• Created the NAACP
• Designed to use the legal system to fight for
  rights and end segregation
• Would be instrumental in the Brown v Board of Ed
  case.