Organic Nomenclature

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Organic Nomenclature
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Organic Compounds

• Organic Compounds - any covalently bonded
  compound containing carbon (except __________ and
  __________ )

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Hydrocarbons

• __________ - Organic compounds that contain only
  carbon hydrogen
• __________ - contain only single covalent bonds
• __________ - contain one or more carbon - carbon
  double bond
• __________ - contain one or more carbon-carbon
  triple bond

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Saturated Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• __________ hydrocarbons contain only single
  carbon-carbon bonds (alkanes)
• __________ hydrocarbons contain double
  carbon-carbon bonds (alkenes) or triple
  carbon-carbon (alkynes) bonds

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Formulas

• Alkanes CnH2n2
• Alkenes CnH2n
• Alkynes CnH2n-2

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Nomenclature

• Must memorize prefixes
• To name, look at the formula for the hydrocarbon
• Determine if it is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne
• Use the prefix for the number of carbons
• Add ending (ane, ene, yne)

Prefix of carbon atoms
Meth- 1
Eth- 2
Prop- 3
But- 4
Pent- 5
Hex- 6
Hept- 7
Oct- 8
Non- 9
Dec- 10
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Example

• Name C3H8

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Example

• What is the formula for octene?

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Example

• Name C5H12

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Functional Groups
Class Functional group
Alcohol R OH
Ether R O R
Aldehyde O R C H
Ketone O R C R
Carboxylic acid O C OH
Ester O R C O R
Amine R R N R