AN ENLIGHTMENT DOCUMENT

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U.S. CONSTITUTION

• AN ENLIGHTMENT DOCUMENT

James Madison
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LOCKE A GOVERNMENTS POWER COMES FROM THE
CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE

• Preamble begins We the People of the United
  States to establish legitimacy.
• Creates representative government.
• Limits government powers.

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MONTESQUIEUSeparation of Powers

• Federal system of government.
• Powers divided among three branches.
• System of checks and balances.

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ROUSSEAUDirect Democracy

• Public election of president and Congress.

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VOLTAIREFree Speech, Religious Toleration

• Bill of Rights provides for freedom of speech and
  religion.

Bill of Rights
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BECCARIAAccused have rights, no torture

• Bill of Rights protects rights of accused and
  prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.

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Major Points

• Oldest national constitution still in use.
• 1st 10 AmendmentsBill of Rights Most imitated
  in other national constitutions.

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International Effect

• A single written constitution became popular.
• Provides a model for separation of powers. Most
  imitated by other countries.

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International Effect

• The American Revolution inspires European and
  Latin American nations.
• Independence from Europe was possible based on
  Enlightenment ideas.

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International Effects

• Today the AR remains an important model for
  determined revolutionaries.
• Simon Bolivar, Miguel Hidaldo, Jose Martin.
  Inspired by AR