Title: CRITERES DE CHOIX DES ANTIBIOTIQUES
1CRITERES DE CHOIX DES ANTIBIOTIQUES
1. Efficacité 2. Sécurité 3. Coût 4. Compliance
et acceptabilité 5. Disponibilité 6.Co-infections
7.Restrictions usage réservé
(MST)
2CHANCRE MOU (chancroid)
- Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose,
- OR
- Ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly (IM) in a
single dose, - OR
- Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice a day for 3
days, - OR
- Erythromycin base 500 mg orally three times a day
for 7 days.
(CDC,2006)
3CHANCRE MOU (chancroid)
- Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally 2 X j X 3 j,
- OU
- Erythromycine base 500 mg p os 3 X j X 7 j,
- OU
- Azithromycine 1 g p os X 1
- Alternative Ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly
(IM) X 1,
(OMS, 2004)
4GRANULOMA INGUINALE
(DONOVANOSE)
- Co-trimoxazole 160/800 mg p os x 2 x
14j - AlternativesDoxycycline 100 mg p os x 2 x 14
jTetracycline 500 mg p os x 4 x 14 j
Streptomycine 1g IM x 1 x 14j
(WHO, 1992)
5GRANULOMA INGUINALE
(DONOVANOSE)
- Azithromycine1g p os x 1/j
- 500mg p os x 1/j
- Ou
- Doxycycline 100 mg p os x 2/j
- AlternativesErythromycine 500 mg p os x 4 x/j
Tetracycline 500 mg p os x 4/j x 14 j
Cotrimoxazole 80mg/400 mg x 2 x 2/j x 14 j
(WHO, 2004)
6GRANULOMA INGUINALE
(DONOVANOSE)
- Doxycycline 100 mg p os x 2/d x 3 weeks
- Alternatives
- Azithromycine 1g p os x 1 j 3 weeks
- OR
- Ciprofloxacine 750 mg p os x 2/d x 3 weeks
- OR
- Cotrimoxazole DS (800mg/160mg) p os x2/d x 3
weeks - Up to complete healing
(CDC,2006)
7LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
(LGV)
For 21 days
- Doxycycline 100mg p os x 2/d
- Alternative
- Erythromycine 500mg p os x 4/d
(CDC,2006)
8LYMPHOGRANULOME VENERIEN
(Nicolas et Favre)
Pendant 14 jours
- Doxycycline 100mg p os x 2
- Ou
- Erythromycine 500mg p os x 4
- Alternatives
- Tetracycline 500mg p os x 4
(WHO, 2004)
9HERPES GENITAL
First Clinical Episode
- Acyclovir 400 mg orally three times a day for
7--10 days, - OR
- Acyclovir 200 mg orally five times a day for
7--10 days, - OR
- Famciclovir 250 mg orally three times a day for
7--10 days, - OR
- Valacyclovir 1 g orally twice a day for 7--10
days.
(CDC, 2006,WHO, 2004)
10HERPES GENITAL
Episodic Therapy for Recurrent Herpes
- Acyclovir 400 mg orally three times a day for 5
days, - OR
- Acyclovir 200 mg orally five times a day for 5
days, - OR
- Acyclovir 800 mg orally twice a day for 5 days,
- OR
- Famciclovir 125 mg orally twice a day for 5
days, - OR
- Valacyclovir 500 mg orally twice a day for 3--5
days, - OR
- Valacyclovir 1.0 g orally once a day for 5 days.
(5-10 days if HIV, CDC)
(CDC, 2006,WHO, 2004)
11HERPES GENITAL
Suppressive Therapy for Recurrent Herpes
- Acyclovir 400 mg orally twice a day,
- OR
- Famciclovir 250 mg orally twice a day,
- OR
- Valacyclovir 500 mg orally once a day,
- OR
- Valacyclovir 1.0 gram orally once a day.
(CDC, 2006,WHO, 2004)
12HERPES GENITAL
Suppressive Therapy for Recurrent Herpes if HIV
- Acyclovir 400--800 mg orally twice to three times
a day, - OR
- Famciclovir 500 mg orally twice a day,
- OR
- Valacyclovir 500 mg orally twice a day.
(CDC, 2006)
13SYPHILIS PRECOCE (I, II, lat lt 1 an)
- Benzathine-PNC-G 2.4 Millions IM x 1
- Alternatives
- Doxycycline 100 mg p os x 2 x 14 j
- Ceftriaxone 1g IM x 1 x 8-10 j
- Azithromycine 2g p os x 1 x 1 j
(CDC, 2006)
14SYPHILIS PRECOCE (I, II, lat lt 1 an)
- Benzathine-PNC-G 2.4 Millions IM x 1
- AlternativesDoxycycline 100 mg p os x 2 x
14 jTetracycline 500 mg p os x 4 x 14 j - F enceintes Erythromycine 500 mg p os x 4 x
14 j
(WHO,2004)
15SYPHILIS TARDIVE
(latente gt 1an ou durée indéterminée,
cardio-vasculaire, gommes)
- Benzathine PNC-G 2.4 Millions IM x q
7j x 3
(CDC, 2006)
16SYPHILIS TARDIVE
(latente gt1an ou durée indéterminée,
cardio-vasculaire, gommes)
- Benzathine PNC-G 2.4 Millions IM x q
7j x 3 - Alternatives
- Procaïne PNC-G 1.2 Millions IM x 1 x 20
jDoxycycline 100 mg p os x 2 x 30
jTetracycline 500 mg p os x 4 x 30 j - F. enceintes erythromycine 500 mg p os x 4 x 30
j
Non disponible en France
(WHO,2004)
17NEURO-SYPHILIS
- PNC-G cristalline 3-4 Millions IV q 4 hres
x 10-14 j - PNC-procaine 2-4 Millions IM x 1 x
10-14 j Probenecide 500mg
p os x 4 x 10-14 j
Non disponible en France
(CDC, 2006)
18NEURO-SYPHILIS
- PNC-G cristalline 2-4 Millions IV q 4 hres
x 14 j - PNC-procaine 1,2 Millions IM x 1 x
10-14 j Probenecide 500mg
p os x 4 x 10-14 j - Alternative si allergie
- Doxycycline 200 mg p os x2 x 30 j
- Tetracycline 500 mg p os x4 x 30 j
Non disponible en France
(WHO,2004)
19SYPHILIS GROSSESSE
- PNC en rapport avec stade evolutif
- Tetracycline/Doxycycline
- Allergie PNC desensibiliser !OMS (efficacite
?)Erythromycine 500mg p os x 4 x 30 j
(CDC, 2006)
20SYPHILIS CONGENITALE (lt2ans)
- PNC-G cristalline 50,000 unit/kg IV q 8-12
hres x 10 j - PNC-procaine 50,000 unit/kg IM x 1
x 10 j
Non disponible en France
(WHO,2002)
21SYPHILIS CONGENITALE
- PNC-G cristalline 50,000 unit/kg IV q 8-12
hres x 10-14 j - PNC-procaine 50,000 unit/kg IM x 1
x 10-14 j - Alternative (si évaluation complète avec PL
nég)Benzathine-PNC 50,000 unit/kg IM
x1
Non disponible en France
(CDC, 2006)
22Reserves sur lAzithromycine dans le traitement
de Syphilis (King Holmes, NEJM, 353,1291-93,2005)
- Résistance aux Macrolides à San Francisco,
Baltimore, Dublin, Vancouver. - Retrouvée partout où cherchée
- Mutation 23S du gène ribosomal (rRNA)
- Extension rapide 0 à 56 en 4 ans à San
Francisco
23TRICHOMONASE GENITALE
- Metronidazole 2g p os x 1
- Ou
- Tinidazole 2g p os x 1
- Alternative
- Metronidazole 500 mg x 2 x 7j
(CDC,2006
24TRICHOMONASE GENITALE
- Metronidazole 2g p os x 1
- Tinidazole 2g p os x 1
- Alternatives
- Metronidazole 500 mg x 2 x 7 j
- Tinidazole 500 mg x 2 x 5 j
(WHO,2002
25VAGINOSE BACTERIENNE
- Metronidazole 500mg p os x 2 x 7j
- OR
- Metronidazole gel 0.75, one full applicator (5
g) intravaginally, once a day for 5 days, - OR
- Clindamycin cream 2, one full applicator (5 g)
intravaginally at bedtime for 7 days. - Alternatives
- Clindamycin 300 mg orally twice a day for 7 days,
- OR
- Clindamycin ovules 100 g intravaginally once at
bedtime for 3 days
(CDC,2006)
26VAGINOSE BACTERIENNE
- Metronidazole 500mg p os x 2 x 7j
- Alternatives
- Metronidazole gel 0.75, one full applicator (5
g) intravaginally, once a day for 5 days, - OR
- Clindamycin cream 2, one full applicator (5 g)
intravaginally at bedtime for 7 days. - Metronidazole 2 g orally in a single dose,
- OR
- Clindamycin 300 mg orally twice a day for 7 days,
(WHO,2004)
27traiter
- Secnidazole 1 sachet en une prise
- Métronidazole per os 1 g par jour pendant 7
jours - En 2ème intention ß-lactamines pendant 7 jours
- Traitement local anti-infectieux décevant
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
28Vaginose bactérienne
- 30 de récidives à 4 semaines
- Taux de récidives au-delà de 3 mois(1) 82
- Traitement imidazolé suppressif (2 fois/ semaine
pendant 16 semaines) - 70 de guérison mais 3 mois plus tard
- 66 de récidives(1)
- SOBEL JD and al Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006 May
194(5)1283-9
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
29Le traitement antibiotique est nécessaire mais
insuffisant
Parce que Gardnerella vaginalis et Atopobium
vaginae sont capables de produire des biofilms
qui rendent laction des antibiotiques
insuffisante
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
30G. vaginalis A. vaginae Biofilm révélé par
sondes fluorescentes
Cavité vaginale
Biofilm
Epithélium vaginal
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
31prébiotiques
- Produits acidifiants favorisant le développement
des lactobacilles - Géliofil, Saugella Intilac acide lactique
- Prévégyne acide ascorbique
- Soit en traitement isolé
- Soit en complément dun traitement par
probiotiques
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
32probiotiques
- Lactobacilles de substitution
- Mais pas nimporte lesquels
- Lactobacille rhamnosus Florgynal gél,
Gynophilus, Bactigyn gél - Lactobacille gasseri Florgynal tampons
- Lactobacille crispatus Mycoress gél
- Voie orale
- Lactobacille rhamnosus Lactobacille reuterii
Bion flore intime
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
33Cahier des charges pour probiotiques
- Temps nécessaire pour létablissement dun
biofilm efficace 109 bactéries 2 fois par
semaine1 per os ou 3 jours de suite localement1 - Posologies recommandées
- localement traitement de 7 jours (ou 3 à 5 jours
pendant les règles) - per os durée plus floue
- Reid G, et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus dose
required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal
flora. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2001323741.
Abstract
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
34Schéma préventif
- Probiotiques pendant les règles
- Prébiotique juste après les règles
- Oestrogènes en cas de signes cliniques ou
biologiques dhypo-oestrogénie
Jean-Marc Bobo, Institut Alfred Fournier
35GONOCOCCIE
(Urethre, endocol, rectum)
- Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally in a single dose
- OR
- Ceftriaxone 125 mg IM in a single dose,
- OR
- Cefixime 400 mg orally in a single dose,
- OR
- Spectinomycin 2g IM x 1
(WHO,2004)
36GONOCOCCIE
(Urethre, endocol, rectum)
- Ceftriaxone 125 mg IM in a single dose,
- OR
- Cefixime 400 mg orally in a single dose,
- OR
- Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally in a single dose
- OR
- Ofloxacin 400 mg orally in a single dose
- OR
- Levofloxacin 250 mg orally in a single dose
- Tt anti-chlamydia
- Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose
- OR
- Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days.
MMWR,Apr 13, 2007
(CDC,2006)
37GONOCOCCIE (alternatives)
(Urethre, endocol, rectum)
- Spectinomycine 2g IM x 1
- Single-dose cephalosporin regimens (other than
ceftriaxone 125 mg IM and cefixime 400 mg orally)
include ceftizoxime (500 mg, administered IM),
cefoxitin (2 g, administered IM with probenecid 1
g orally), and cefotaxime (500 mg, administered
IM). - Single-dose quinolone regimens include
gatifloxacin 400 mg orally, norfloxacin 800 mg
orally, and lomefloxacin 400 mg orally
MMWR,Apr 13, 2007
Traitement anti-chlamydia x 7 jours
(CDC,2006)
38GONOCOCCIE PHARYNGEE
- Ceftriaxone 125mg IM x 1
- Ciprofloxacine 500mg p os x 1
- Tt anti-chlamydia si diagnostic non éliminé
- Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose
- OR
- Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 7 days.
MMWR,Apr 13, 2007
(CDC, 2006)
39GONOCOCCIE GROSSESSE
- Ceftriaxone 125mg IM x 1
- Spectinomycine 2g IM x 1
Traitement anti-chlamydia
Azithromycine 1 g p os x 1 j Ou Amoxicilline
500 mg per os x3/j x 7j
(CDC,2006)
40INFECTION A CHLAMYDIA
(Urethre, endocol, rectum)
- Azithromycine 1 g p os x 1 j
- Doxyxycline 100mg p os x 2 x 7j
- Erythromycin base 500 mg orally four times a day
for 7 days, - OR
- Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 800 mg orally four
times a day for 7 days, - OR
- Ofloxacin 300 mg twice a day for 7 days,
- OR
- Levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 7 days.
(CDC, 2006)
41INFECTION A CHLAMYDIA
(Urethre, endocol, rectum)
- Azithromycine 1 g p os x 1 j
- Or
- Doxycycline 100mg p os x 2 x 7j
- Alternatives
- Amoxicilline 500 mg x3 x 7 j
- Erythromycin base 500 mg orally four times a day
for 7 days, - OR
- Tetracycline, 500 mg p os x4 x 7j
- OR
- Ofloxacin 300 mg twice a day for 7 days,
(WHO,2004)
42SYNDROME INFLAMMATOIRE PELVIEN
(PID)-CAS HOSPITALISES
Pendant 48 heures au moins
- Cefotetan 2g IV q 12 hres
Doxycycline 100mg p os q 12 hres - Cefoxitin 2g IV q 6hres
Doxycycline 100mg p os q 12 hres - Clindamycine 900mg IV q 8 hres
Gentamycine 2mg/kg IV stat
1.5mg/kg IV q 8 hres - Doxycycline 100mg p os x 2 x 10-14jours
Apres Exeat
(CDC, 2006)
43SYNDROME INFLAMMATOIRE PELVIEN
(PID)-Traitement ambulatoire
- Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1 Doxycycline 100mg
p os x 2 x 10-14j - Metronidazole 500mg p os x2/j x 14 j
- Cefoxitin 2g IM x 1 Probenecide
1g p os x 1 Doxycycline 100mg p os x 2 x
10-14j - Metronidazole 500mg p os x2/j x 14j
- Ou Traitement entièrement oral
- Levofloxacin 500 mg per os x1/j x 14j
- Ou
- Ofloxacin 400 mg p os x 1/j x 7 j
- Metronidazole 500mg p os x2/j x 14j
(CDC, 2006)
ou tetracycline ou erythromycine
44CONDYLOMES VENERIENS
(Papillomes veneriens/Cretes de Coq)
- Podofilox 0.5 solution or gel. The safety of
podofilox during pregnancy has not been
established. - OR
- Imiquimod 5 cream. The safety of imiquimod
during pregnancy has not been established. - Podophyllin resin 10--25 in a compound tincture
of benzoin. The safety of podophyllin during
pregnancy has not been established. - OR
- Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or Bichloroacetic acid
(BCA) 80--90. repeated weekly, if necessary. - OR
- Surgical removal either by tangential scissor
excision, tangential shave excision, curettage,
or electrosurgery. - Cryotherapie par Azote liquidevegetations
vaginales ou meatiquesvegetations anales ou
orales - Azote liquide ou cryocauterevegetations
genitales externesvegetations perianales
(CDC, 2002)
45CONDYLOMES VENERIENS
(Papillomes veneriens/Cretes de Coq)
- Podophylline 10-20 (teinture de benjoin)
- Acide trichloro-acetique 80-90
- Electrocoagulation/Fulguration
- Excision chirurgicale
- Laser surgery
FEMMES ENCEINTES
(CDC, 2002)
46(CDC)
47Gabriele Riedner, M.D., Ph.D., Mary Rusizoka,
Dipl.Med., Jim Todd, M.Sc. et al Single-Dose
Azithromycin versus Penicillin G Benzathine for
the Treatment of Early Syphilis. N Engl J Med
20053531236-44. (Mbeya Tanzania
48Gabriele Riedner, M.D., Ph.D., Mary Rusizoka,
Dipl.Med., Jim Todd, M.Sc. et al Single-Dose
Azithromycin versus Penicillin G Benzathine for
the Treatment of Early Syphilis. N Engl J Med
20053531236-44. (Mbeya Tanzania