Imagery for the Nation and the changing landscape

1
Imagery for the Nation and the changing landscape

• Remote sensing systems overview
• Geo-spatial requirements for GIS
• Technology advancements in sensing systems and
  platforms
• Technology advancements in software
• Technological advancements in visualization
• Conclusions

2
Remote sensing systems overview

• Aerial photography
• National High Altitude Photography (NHAP) program
  (1980 89).
• goal reduce duplicate photography in various
  Federal Government programs.
• cover the lower 48 states over a five year period
  with infrared aerial photography at 158,000 and
  black and white photography at 180,000 based on
  the USGS 7.5 Quadrangles.
• National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP)
  (1987-2003)
• larger scale imagery (i.e. 1 40,000).
• cost-sharing agreement with local government that
  required higher resolution, photogrammetric
  quality aerial photography.
• in return the local government would provide
  ortho-images back to the Federal Government.

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Remote sensing systems overview

• Early Satellite imaging
• Landsat I (1972) first comprehensive coverage of
  the planet.
• 90 meter resolution four band (MSS)
• (RBV) systems
• Six other Landsat systems to follow
• latest (i.e. 1999) being Landsat 7 ETM
• six multispectral 30 meter bands
• one 15 meter Panchromatic band
• and its one 60 meter thermal band
• Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)
• 5 meter TM type sensor???

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Remote sensing systems overview

• A new era private sector high resolution
  spaced-based imaging
• IKONOS in 1999 represented two firsts 082
  meters panchromatic
• 3.2 meters multispectral
• Geo-location accuracy lt 5 meters CE90with GCP
  DEM
• Quckbird system in 2001 with specifications of
• 0.61 meters panchromatic
• 2.4 meters multispectral
• Geo-location accuracy lt 5 meters CE90 with GCP
  DEM
• WorldView-1 in 2007
• 0.50 meters panchromatic
• Geo-location accuracy 3.0 7.6 meters CE90 with
  GCP DEM
• GEOEYE-1 in August of 2008 with specifications
  of
• 0.41 meter panchromatic
• 1.65 meter multispectral
• Geo-location accuracy lt 3 meters CE90 with GCP
  DE
• WorldView-2 expected launch date mid-2009 with
  specifications of
• 0.46 meters panchromatic
• 1.82 meters multispectral (8 bands)
• Geo-location accuracy 2.0 meters with GCP and
  DEM

5
Central Park NYC
6
GEOEYE-1 Kutztown, PAOctober 7, 20081000 x in
10 years
7
Kutztown GEOEYE-1
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Geo-spatial requirements for GIS

• Rural
• 50 100 cm image resolution
• 3 - 5 m absolute accuracy of base-map (CE90)
• spot elevations of individual buildings
• Suburban
• lt 66 cm image resolution
• 1.0 3 m absolute accuracy of base-map (CE90)
• spot elevations of individual buildings
• Dense urban
• lt 25 cm image resolution
• lt 50 cm absolute accuracy of base-map (CE90)
• 3-D modeling of individual buildings
• true orthophotography lt 25 cm resolution
• Oblique analytic photography (i.e. Pictometry)

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Technology advancements in sensing systems and
platforms

• Advancements in Sensor systems
• Greater spatial, spectral, radiometric and
  temporal resolution
• Advancements in positioning systems
• Airborne-GPS
• Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
• more stable satellite platforms
• Above enables new sensor capabilities
• Digital camera lt 4 cm resolution
• LIDAR absolute accuracy lt 4cm
• Increased RADAR absolute accuracy
• Great absolute accuracy of spaced-based images

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Technology advancements in software

• Automated generation of elevation data
  Photogrammetrically through image matching
• LIDAR as a source for DEM data
• RADAR as a source for DEM data
• Object-based image analysis (i.e. E-cognition)
• 3-D coordinates for geospatial objects supported
  in GIS

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Technological advancements in visualization

• Seamless access to multi-scale imagery of the
  earth with integration with other geographic
  layers
• GOOGLE Earth
• 2.5-D
• 3-D Objects (i.e. buildings)
• street level
• ESRI ARC-Scene
• 2.5-D
• 3-D objects (i.e. buildings)
• Microsofts Virtual Earth
• 2.5-D
• birds eye
• 3-D Objects (i.e. buildings)
• World Wind

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Conclusion

• Lines are blurring between satellite-based remote
  sensing systems and aircraft-based remote sensing
  systems
• Given the new tools for visualization and access
  of global multi-scale remote sensing data the
  idea of public domain has been overtaken by the
  idea of public access
• This gives reason to explore licensing options
  for the IFTN project
• High quality elevation models (DEMs) are
  essential for high accuracy orthophotography such
  that these data sets can not be discussed
  separately
• The development of a new 5 meter TM like sensor
  should be deployed by the US government as part
  of the LSCP

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Dr. Sean AhearnNGAC MeetingOctober 16, 2008