The Cold War Heats Up

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The Cold War Heats Up

• Chapter 18, Section 2

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China turns Communist

• Chiang Kai-shek Chinese leader supported by the
  United States
• China had a failing economy
• Chinese were not happy with his leadership

3
China turns Communist

• Mao Zedong Communist leader who led Civil War
  in China against Chiang Kai-shek

4
Chinese Civil War

• Communist pushed the Chinese government into
  exile in Taiwan.
• America refused to recognize the new communist
  government
• Peoples Republic of China

5
China turns Communist

• American policy of containment had failed
• Conservatives started accusing the American
  government of being infiltrated by Communist
  agents.

6
The Korean War

• Soviet Union took control of Japanese colony of
  Korea north of the 38th parallel
• United States took control south of this line.

7
The Korean War

• June 1949, only 500 American troops in South
  Korea
• SU backed North Korea in a take-over of the
  peninsula.
• Often called Americas Forgotten War

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The Korean War

• June 25, 1950
• North Korea attacks South Korea
• June 27 - Truman and 15 other countries send
  troops to support the South Koreans.
• Under the command of General Douglas MacArthur.

9
The Korean War

• September 15, 1950
• MacArthur leads a counterattack
• Chase the North Koreans to the Chinese border
  (Yalu River)
• Thought Korea would become one democratic country

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The Korean War

• November 1950
• Communist Chinese troops joined the fight when UN
  forces reached border

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The Korean War

• Our trencheswere only about 20 meters in front
  of theirs. We were eyeball to eyeballWe
  couldnt move at all in the daytime without
  getting shot at. Machine-gun fire would come in,
  grenades, small-arms fire, all from within
  spitting distance. It was like World War I. We
  lived in a maze of bunkers and deep
  trenchesThere were bodies strewn all over the
  place. Hundreds of bodies frozen in the snow.
• -Beverly Scott, soldier during Korean War.

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MacArthur Controversy

• General MacArthur wanted to expand the war into
  China, Truman did not.
• MacArthur publicly criticized Truman and was
  fired as commanding officer
• Public outrage from the heroes' dismissal

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Settling for Stalemate

• Two year conflict that ended in a standoff around
  the original border
• Cost 54,000 American lives and 67 billion
  dollars
• Korean war increased fears of communist
  aggression and fed fears of communist spies in
  America

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The Cold War at Home

• Chapter 18, Section 3

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Fear of Communism

• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
  investigated Communist influences in and outside
  the US Government

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HUAC

• Thought communist were putting propaganda into
  the film industry
• Hollywood Ten Hollywood men who refused to
  cooperate for constitutional reasons.
• Were sent to prison for not testifying

18
HUAC

• Blacklist list of people condemned for being
  Communists in the film industry
• Approximately 500 actors, writers, producers, and
  directors careers were ruined

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Spy Cases

• 1948 Alger Hiss was accused of spying for the
  Soviet Union
• Richard Nixon helped to convict him and was later
  elected VP.

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Spy Cases

• 1950
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted and
  executed for espionage
• Were said to be involved in giving the SU
  information about the Atomic Bomb

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McCarthy Witch Hunts

• Joseph McCarthy
• Republican from Wisconsin
• Said Communists were taking over the government

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McCarthy Witch Hunts

• McCarthyism unsupported accusations of
  communist activity
• Made many accusations against people without
  producing any evidence

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McCarthys Downfall

• 1954 accused the US Army
• Televised Senate Investigation
• McCarthys tactics lost him public support
• Was condemned by the Senate
• Died from alcoholism three years later.

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