Title: Sistem Maklumat Eksekutif
1SISTEM MAKLUMAT PENGURUSAN
- Sistem Maklumat Eksekutif
- (EIS)
2Kedudukan Eksekutif
- Keperluan unik jawatan eksekutif
- Eksekutif perlukan pemprosesan maklumat yang unik
3A Firm Without An EIS
Environmental information and data
Top-level managers
Human resource information system
Marketing information system
Manufacturing information system
Financial information system
Environmental information and data
4A Firm With An EIS
Environmental Information and data
Executive information system
Human resource information system
Marketing information system
Manufacturing information system
Financial information system
Environmental Information and data
5Definisi Tugas Eksekutif
- Pengurus atasan bagi hiraki organisasi yang
menggunakan pengaruh yang kuat dalam firma - Horizon perancangan jangka panjang
6Fungsi-fungsi Pengurusan Fayol
- Merancang - sangat penting
- Mengurus
- Staff
- Mengarah
- Mengawal
7Peranan Pengurusan Mintzberg
- Setiap peringkat pengurusan memainkan peranan
pengurusan yang sama (Beza masa) - Tumpuan pengurus peringkat atasan--
- -peningkatan entreprenur jangka masa panjang,
- - bertindak ke atas sesuatu di luar jangkaan
8Agenda Rangkaian Kotter
- Eksekutif ikuti 3 strategi
- Agenda -- jangka panjang pendek
- Rangkaian -- hubungan kerjasama
- 100 / 1000
- Dalam luar firma
- Persekitaran -- Norma Nilai
9Cara Eksekutif berfikir
- Daniel J. Isenberg, professor Harvard
- Eksekutif fikirkan
- 1. Bagaimana menyiapkan tugas
- 2. Beberapa isu biasa
10Cara Eksekutif berfikir
- Pentingkan proses berbanding penyelesaian
- Proses berfikir tidak semestinya mengikut siri
langkah-demi-langkah - Intuition digunakan dalam setiap langkah
11Keperluan maklumat unik --Kajian Mintzberg
- 5 akitiviti asas
- tugas pejabat (desk work)
- panggilan telefon
- mesyuarat khas
- mesyuarat berkala
- lawatan
12Distribution of Hours - Mintzberg
Telephone
Calls
6
Tours
3
Desk Work
Scheduled
22
Meetings
59
Unscheduled
Meetings
10
Legend Interpersonal Communication
13Keperluan maklumat unik -- Kajian Jones McLeod
- Skop kajian
- Jumlah maklumat?
- Nilai?
- Sumber?
- Media?
- Kegunaan?
14KajianJones McLeod (sambungan)
- Jumlah maklumat yang sampai kepada eksekutif
- Transaksi --komunkasi yg melibatkan sebarang
media - Volum harian
- Berbeza mengikut eksekutif
- Berbeza mengikut hari
15Sumber Maklumat
- Dalaman dan luaran
- luaran -- sumber yang terbanyak, tetapi nilai
purata terendah
16Media
- Bertulis
- laporan komputer
- surat memo
- berkala
- Lisan lebih digemari
- Lawatan
- Busines meals
- Telefon
17The Media Pie (in Percentages of Total
Transactions)
Periodicals (.10)
Letters (.20)
Unscheduled Meetings (.06)
Scheduled Meetings (.05)
Tours (.03)
Memos (.19)
Telephone Calls (.21)
Noncomputer Reports (.09)
Computer Reports (.03)
Business Meals (.02)
Note
Written
Percentages do not add to 1.00 due to rounding
Oral
18Ranking of Media by Value
- Medium Mode Average Value
- Scheduled meetings Oral 7.4
- Unscheduled meetings Oral 6.2
- Tours Oral 5.3
- Social activity Oral 5.0
- Memos Written 4.8
- Computer reports Written 4.7
- Noncomputer reports Written 4.7
- Letters Written 4.2
- Telephone calls Oral 3.7
- Business meals Oral 3.6
- Periodicals Written 3.1
19Information Use by Decisional Role
Disturbance handler (.42)
Entrepreneur (.32)
Resource allocator (.17)
Unknown (.06)
Negotiator (.03)
20Kesimpulan Kajian Jones McLeod
- Sumber Persekitaran - volum tertinggi
- Sumber dalaman - nilai tertinggi
- Media bertulis - volum tertinggi
- Media lisan - nilai tertinggi
- Hanya sedikit maklumat diterima terus dari
komputer
21Sources of Decisional Information
Disturbance handler .42
Environment
.43
Lower levels .38
Entrepreneur .32
Internal support units individuals .13
Resource allocator .17
Upper levels .05
Negotiator .03
Unknown .06
Committees .02
22Keperluan maklumat unik-- Kajian Rockart dan
Treacy
- John Rockart Michael Treacy, MIT
- 16 firma awal 1980an
- Kenalpasti ramai pengguna komputer
- Kenalpasti minat eksekutif secara terperinci
- Kenalkan istilah EIS
23Kajian Rockart Treacy Ciri2 EIS
- Satu tujuan
- Data yang sama
- 2 kaedah prinsip kegunaan
- capai laporan
- jalankan analisis
- Sokongan organisasi
- EIS coach
- EIS chauffeur
24Perspektif Komputer
- 1. Kegunaan komputer -- peribadi
- 2. Hasilkan sebahagian dari maklumat kepada
eksekutif
25Cadangan EIS
- 1. Rekodkan semua transaksi
- 2. Maksimumkan sumber bernilai tinggi
- 3. Ambil peluang
- 4. Ubahsuai sistem ikut keperluan
- 5. Gunakan teknologi
26EIS
- Definisi
- Sistem yang menyediakan maklumat mengenai
pencapaian keseluruhan firma kepada eksekutif
27An EIS Model
Information requests
Personal computer
Executive database
Information displays
Executive workstation
To other executive workstation
To other executive workstation
Corporate database
Make corporate information available
Electronic mailboxes
Current news, explanations
Software library
Corporate mainframe
External data and information
28An EIS Model
Information requests
Executive workstation
Executive database
Information displays
To other executive workstation
To other executive workstation
Corporate database
Make corporate information available
Current news, explanations
Electronic mailboxes
Corporate mainframe
Software library
External data and information
16-28
29Dialog di antara Eksekutif EIS
- Biasanya menu, kadang-kadang papan kunci
- Drill down -- dari maklumat umum kepada maklumat
spesifik
30An Information Display That Includes a
Computer-Generated Narrative Explanation
MEDIAL INTERNATIONAL GROUP MIG
Product Profitability Analysis Magazines in
Europe have been performing poorly. While sales
are up, production costs have soared. This is
due to the labor disputes in the pulp and paper
industry. Starting next month, costs should be
back in line with earlier projections.
x 1 0 0
Actual Planned Variance
Variance Newspapers
1,421,709 1,559,184 (137,475)
(8.82) Magazines
490,855 518,687
(27,832) (5.37) Periodicals
1,912,564
2,077,872 (165,308) (7.96)
31Penggunaan Konsep Pengurusan
- CSF
- Management by exception
- Mental model
- Information compression
32SALES
SOURCE GLORIA YANDERS BILL BLASS
SALES - IN MILLIONS AS OF NOVEMBER 1994
CURRENT
HISTORY
BUDGET
ACTUAL
FORECAST
YEAR-END FORECAST CURRENT FORECAST
YEAR TO DATE
OVER/ UNDER MB
Y-L O/U MB YR CURRENT O/
U PRIOR 949.8
28.6 95 2102.6
8.0 699.0 1.2 96
2400.0 105.0
458.8 13.6 97
3130.0 98.0 2107.6
43.4 98 3390.0
58.0
99 2110.0 281.0
PROGRAM ACTUAL THIS MO LAST MO HERC
861.4 30.7 59.1 C-5B
621.9 0.3
4.5 OTHER 398.7 12.9
10.1 TOTAL 1,882.0 43.9
44.4
COMMENTS FAVORABLE VARIANCE PRIMARILY DUE TO
TWO ADDITIONAL HERCULES SALES
33Keputusan Pelaksanaan EIS3 soalan
- 1. Adakah kita perlukan EIS?
- 2. Adakah terdapat perisian pembangunan aplikasi?
- 3. Perlukah kita membeli prewritten EIS software?
34Kelebihan Prewritten Software
- 1. Pantas
- 2. Tidak membebankan bhgn. perkhidmatan maklumat
- 3. Khusus untuk eksekutif
35EIS Critical Success Factors Rockart and DeLong
- 1. Executive sponsor yang komited
- 2. Operating sponsor
- 3. Kakitangan perkhidmatan maklumat yang sesuai
- 4. Teknologi Maklumat (IT) yang sesuai
- 5. Pengurusan data
- 6. Mencapai objektif bisnes
- 7. Mengurus konflik dalam organisasi
- 8. Mengurus evolusi sistem
16-35
36Prerequisite Activities for the EIS
Information needs
Information technology standards
Analysis of Organization
Corporate data model
Information Systems Plan
Purchasing and Performance Systems
EIS
37EIS di masa depan
- Biasa digunakan
- Harga perisian menurun
- Mempengaruhi MIS/DSS
- Komputer semakin penting kepada eksekutif
38Ringkasan
- Eksekutif mempunyai keperluan maklumat yg unik
- perlukan EIS
- Kegunaan khusus EIS
- Pembangunan EIS
- perisian peribadi
- prewritten
- custom