Imperialism

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• Imperialism
• in North Africa

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North Africa

• North Africa Coast is made up of 4 Muslim States
  Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia Libya and Egypt.

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Algeria

• Home of
• the Barbary
• Pirates
• French complain about the Barbary Pirates.

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Algeria

• The Algerian Ruler hits the French Consul with a
  fly swatter.
• Becomes a national insult to the French and they
  use it as an excuse to move troops into Algeria.

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Algeria

• Pirates raid and sink merchant ships and give
  France an excuse to intervene.

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Algeria

• France invades Algeria to stop pirates and finds
  rich land export farm products, wine and meat.

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Algeria

• French take over the best land and develop
  businesses on the Mediterranean.

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Morocco

• Very strategic location
• Control the Straits of Gibraltar
• Open to the Mediterranean

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Morocco

• Good for Trade
• Re-supply Ships
• Time of War
• Western border to
• Algeria
• France also takes
• control of Morocco

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Competition

• European rivalries flared in North Africa because
  of the strategic importance of the countries on
  the Mediterranean and proximity to Europe.
• France calls a conference in Algiers with other
  powers to determine protectorates.

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Algiers Conference

• Spain ----- Spanish Morocco
• France ------ Algeria, Tunisia
• Italy -------- Libya
• Britain -------- Egypt, Cyprus, Sudan
• Germany ------- Gets Nothing, gets really upset
  until France gives them Southwest Africa

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Tunisia

• Poor backward nation
• The leader constantly borrows money and is always
  in debt.
• Britain and France both interested in Tunisia
• They strike a deal and France gets Tunisia,
  Britain gets island of Cyprus

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Tunisia

• Tunisia situation brings out 2 characteristics of
  Imperialism
• 1. Dangerous rivalry among European
• Powers
• 2. Using loans and incidents to justify
• adding territories

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Tunisia

• The Suez Canal is sold by Egypt to the British
  because the Egyptians needed money.
• The Suez Canal gave the British a short cut for
  trade from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea in
  order to reach India faster.

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Suez Canal

• This short cut gives the British a huge advantage
  over other European powers.

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• Sub-Sahara Africa

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Belgian Congo

• Explored by Henry Stanley
• (British Reporter/Explorer)
• Discovers Dr. David Livingstone
• in the jungle

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Belgian Congo

• King Leopold II of Belgium annexed this territory
  as his personal property because he dreamed of
  controlling a vast African Empire

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Belgian Congo

• Stanley signed treaties with the natives for
  small gifts, tricking them into giving up their
  territories to Belgium. When they refused he
  imposed brutal force to get his way.

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Belgian Congo

• The most valuable resource in the Congo was
  rubber plants.
• These plants were harvested on large plantations
  and sent back to Europe to be used in factories.

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Belgian Congo

• The Belgians set unrealistic quotas for rubber in
  the Congo.
• If the Africans were caught stealing, trying to
  escape or missed their quotas they would have
  their hands chopped off.

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Belgian Congo

• Belgian Government took control in 1908 because
  of Leopolds cruel treatment of the natives

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Union of South Africa
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Union of South Africa

• First settled by the
• Dutch called
• Boers
• in 1632

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Boers

• Similar to American pioneers ? moved inland in
  covered wagons
• Known as the Great Trek

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Boers

• Fought against the Zulu tribesmen instead of
  Indians

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Boers

• After gold and diamonds were discovered the
  British wanted the territory

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Boer War

• The Boer War was significant because it was one
  of the first European wars fought in separate
  country and with modern weapons.

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Boer War

• The British prevailed in the Boer War and took
  control of South Africa.

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Cecil Rhodes

• British Imperialist who became the Prime Minister
  of the Colony of South Africa.
• He had a grand plan for British empire throughout
  the world.

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Cecil Rhodes

• Cecil Rhodes British Imperialist believed that
  Britain should control all of Africa From Cairo
  to Capetown
• He planned to build a railroad across the
  continent.