The Verbal

1
The Verbal

• It looks like a verb
• it doesnt act like a verb
• its a VERBAL!!

2
Participles!

• A participle is a verbal that is used as an
  adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed.
• However, since they function as adjectives,
  participles modify nouns or pronouns.
• There are two types of participles present
  participles and past participles. Present
  participles end in -ing. Past participles end in
  -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n, as in the words asked,
  eaten, saved, dealt, and seen.

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Participle- the adjective

• The crying baby had a wet diaper.

What word is crying modifying?
Answer Crying modifies the noun baby
4
Participles- modify

• Smiling, she hugged the panting dog.

What words do smiling and panting modify?
Answer Smiling modifies she (subject) Panting
modifies dog (noun- DO)
5
You try again. Name all of the parts of the
sentence

• Having been a gymnast, Lynn knew the importance
  of exercise.

Having been a gymnast, Lynn knew the importance
of exercise.
Answer Participle Having Participial Phrase
Having been a gymnast Subject- Lynn Verb-
knew Prepositional phrase- of exercise
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Placement of a Participle

• In order to prevent confusion, a participial
  phrase must be placed as close to the noun it
  modifies as possible, and the noun must be
  clearly stated.

Misplaced modifier Carrying a heavy pile of
books, his foot caught on a step. .
Corrected Carrying a heavy pile of books, he
caught his foot on a step.
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Punctuation

• When a participial phrase begins a sentence, a
  comma should be placed after the phrase

Dissect this sentence finding all parts subject,
verb, participle, prepositional phrase, and
dependent clause
Arriving at the store, I found that it was
closed.
Answer Arriving (at the store), I found that it
was closed. participle prepositional phrase
verb dependent clause subject
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Points to Remember

• A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present)
  or -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (past) that functions
  as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.
• A participial phrase consists of a participle
  plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or
  complement(s).
• Participles and participial phrases must be
  placed as close to the nouns or pronouns they
  modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns
  must be clearly stated.
• A participial phrase is set off with commas when
  it
• a) comes at the beginning of a sentence
• b) interrupts a sentence as a nonessential
  element
• c) comes at the end of a sentence and is
  separated from the word it modifies.

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Gerunds

• A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and
  functions as a noun.

However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it
occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun
ordinarily would, for example subject, direct
object, subject complement, and object of
preposition.
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Gerund as subject

• Traveling might satisfy your desire for new
  experiences.

Answer Traveling- Gerund Might satisfy- verb For
new experiences- prepositional phrase
Traveling might satisfy your desire for new
experiences.
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Now you try

• Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier
  than what we're trying to do.

Answer Finding (gerund)a needle (direct object
of action expressed in gerund)in a haystack
(prepositional phrase as adverb) Verb- would be
easier than what we're trying to do (essential
dependent clause
Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier
than what we're trying to do.
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Gerund as direct object

• They do not appreciate my singing.

Answer Subject- They Verb- do not
appreciate D.O.- my singing
They do not appreciate my singing.
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Now you try- Gerund as D.O.

• I hope that you appreciate my offering you this
  opportunity.

Answer Subject- I Verb- hope Essential dependent
clause- that you appreciate Adjective- myGerund-
offering D.O.- this opportunity (direct object
of action expressed in gerund)
I hope that you appreciate my offering you this
opportunity.
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Gerund as object of preposition

• The police arrested him for speeding.

Answer Subject- police Verb- arrested D.O.-
him Prepositional phrase- for speeding Gerund-
speeding object of the prep. (noun)
The police arrested him for speeding.
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Now you try- Object of the Prepositional Phrase

• You might get in trouble for faking an illness to
  avoid work. (malinger!)

Answers Subject- You Verb- might
get Prepositional phrase- in trouble Prepositional
phrase- for faking Infinitive- to avoid work (to
avoid work infinitive phrase as adverb) Gerund-
faking (object of preposition)D.O- an illness
(direct object of action expressed in gerund)
You might get in trouble for faking an illness to
avoid work.
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Points to Remember- Gerund

• A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used
  as a noun.
• A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus
  modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
• Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never
  require punctuation

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Infinitives

• An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word
  to plus a verb (in its simplest "stem" form) and
  functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb. The
  term verbal indicates that an infinitive, like
  the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a
  verb and therefore expresses action or a state of
  being. However, the infinitive may function as a
  subject, direct object, subject complement,
  adjective, or adverb in a sentence. Although an
  infinitive is easy to locate because of the to
  verb form, deciding what function it has in a
  sentence can sometimes be confusing.

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Can you tell what function the infinitive takes?

• To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was
  required.

Answer Subject
Everyone wanted to go.
Answer Direct Object
He lacked the strength to resist.
Answer adjective
We must study to learn.
Answer adverb
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Infinitive or Prepositional Phrase?

• to fly, to draw, to become, to enter, to stand,
  to catch, to belong

• to him, to the committee, to my house, to the
  mountains, to us, to this address

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Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives
The Finale!!

• What is the bold part of the sentence?
• Stay away from running water.
• The dog chased the fluttering moth.
• Borrowing money is usually a mistake.
• I nodded to show respect.
• After closing on her house, Tanya decided to sell
  some of the furniture.
• Dancing is my favorite hobby.

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Credits

• http//www.truthtree.com/verbals.shtml
• http//www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/v
  erbals.html
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/01/