FRENCH REVOLUTION TEST REVIEW

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FRENCH REVOLUTIONTEST REVIEW
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Review

• What were the Three Estates? What class fit into
  each?
• First The Clergy
• Second The Nobles
• Third Everyone Else

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Causes of the French Revolution

• Common people were suffering
• Class inequalities
• Enlightenment inspired bourgeois members of Third
  Estate to want reform
• King was out of touch and ineffective
• Lived in luxury as people suffered
• Also got France into major debt
• Lack of bread and high prices

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Louis XVI A weak ruler

• He had great wealth yet the poor people still did
  not have enough bread to eat
• Then, Louis got France deeply in debt

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Estates General

• Why was Louis XVI forced to call a meeting of the
  Estates General?
• What came out of the meeting?
• National Assembly is created
• Tennis Court Oath the National Assembly
  (formerly known as the Third Estate) vows not to
  leave until a new constitution is created.
• New constitution is written

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Storming of the Bastille

• Why was this such a significant event?
• It symbolizes the beginning of the Revolution.
• Bastille Day (July 14th) is still celebrated as
  the French Independence Day.

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National Assembly

• Creates a new constitution
• Writes Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
• Steps down and France holds new elections
• New legislative body is called LEGISLATIVE
  ASSEMBLY

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The Great Fear

• Nobles began to flee from France, because the
  peasants were attacking them

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Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

• Document created by the National Assembly that
  granted equal rights to all men
• Abolished the estates and the privileges that
  used to exist in the Old Regime

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Women Force the Royal Family to Come to Paris

• Thousands of women, angry over bread prices and
  shortages, march to Versailles
• They storm Versailles Palace, kill some of the
  king Swiss guards and force the royals to come
  back to Paris with them

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Legislative Assembly

• The new constitution made France a limited
  monarchy.
• Louis XVI has executive power
• Legislative Assembly is the legislative branch
• Men chose to sit in sections of the hall
  according to their political views
• Right Conservative approves of limited
  monarchy
• Middle Moderates
• Left Radicals people who wanted a republic

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Coalitions

• Alliances of European countries against France
• Why did nations want to attack France during the
  Revolution?
• Did not want the Revolution to spread over the
  borders
• Disliked France and wanted to attack it while it
  was weak

13
Reign of Terror

• How were many people being executed?
• What were some of the changes that occurred
  during the Reign of Terror?
• The National Convention de-Christianizes France
• The months of the calendar are renamed to be more
  scientific (ex. July renamed Thermidor Hot
  month)

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Committee of Public Safety

• Special group appointed by the National
  Convention
• Responsible for finding and punishing enemies of
  the Revolution.
• No one is safe anyone can be accused of not
  being loyal

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Republic of Virtue

• National Convention is the government
• BUT Robespierre and Committee of Public Safety
  held all the power
• Robespierre has very radical ideas and referred
  to the government as a Republic of Virtue
• Wants to wipe out all traces of Frances
  nobility, anything that ruins the virtue
  (goodness) of the government
• Everyone must be addressed as citizen not
  monsieur/madame traditional French titles

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The Directory

• The Moderate form of government that takes over
  after the Reign of Terror
• The National Convention creates a new
  constitution and then steps down
• Two-house legislature is created
• Five-man executive branch The Directory
• The government is led by bourgeoisie

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Napoleon

• Famous military leader
• Overthrows the Directory
• Changes government to make him a Consul (he
  appoints two other consuls)
• Plebiscite vote of the common people The
  French people vote to give Napoleon absolute
  power
• People vote for Napoleon to become emperor

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Napoleon

• Creates a uniform code of laws (Napoleonic Code)
  for French empire
• Preserves equality of men EXCEPT for slaves
• Reinstitutes slavery in French colonies (this was
  a way Napoleon returned part of the old social
  order)

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Napoleons Mistakes

• Continental System put Napoleons back against
  the wall
• Peninsular War very costly
• Napoleon gets into a war with Spain after he puts
  his brother on the throne
• Spanish people fight against French soldiers
• Invasion of Russia
• What tactic did the Russian army use to deprive
  the French invaders of supplies?

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End of Napoleon

• Defeated at Battle of Nations (Battle of Leipzig)
  after the disastrous return from Russia
• Exiled to Elba
• Returned from Elba, ruled for 100 days
• Defeat at Waterloo by British and Prussian forces
• Exiled to Saint Helena (where he died after six
  years)