Interpersonal Skills

1
Todays focus

• Interpersonal Skills
• Intrapersonal Skills
• Business Skills
• Leadership Skills

2
To develop interpersonal intrapersonal skill
you have to become SELF AWARE

• How is it taught?
• Why become self aware?
• What is self awareness
• What to become aware about?
• How to make the self awareness process valuable
  for yourself ?

3
How Self Awareness is taught
Reading Self Assessment Discussion
Hogan Warrenfeltz (2003). Educating the Modern Manager Descriptions of Big-5 Personality Dimensions Learning from Inventories 1.Own assessment of inter- and intrapersonal skills 2. Someone elses assessment of your inter and intrapersonal skills 3. Big Five Personality Dimensions Concepts
4
Why become self aware?

• To develop intrapersonal skills
• To develop interpersonal skills
• To improve performance (Church, 97)

Human et al 1999, Janasz et al
5
Why become self aware?

• To develop intrapersonal skills.
• To choose appropriate careers,
• What are the possible careers you have chosen for
  yourself?
• What factors did you consider when choosing these
  careers?
• Your personality? Your interests? Fit between
  personality and environment of these careers?
• Note personality predicts career success
  satisfaction
• To manage yourself by setting appropriate goals,
  manage stress (especially of the environment of
  the career you have chosen)
• To accept your tendencies of behaving, thinking
  feeling because 30 of personality is genetic

Human et al 1999, Janasz et al
6
Why become self aware?

• To develop interpersonal skills
• Understand differences between you and others
• Understand why others react to you the way they
  do
• Adapt your communication behaviors to others
  reactions
• To improve performance (Church, 97)

Human et al 1999, Janasz et al
7
What is self awareness

• Ability to assess ones personality, behaviors
  skills accurately by
• Observing ones own thoughts, behaviors, skills,
  using reliable, valid, structured
  questionnaires
• How do you know these questionnaires are valid
  reliable?
• Comparing own observations to an external source
• a known other in a professional context
  intimate context
• a complete stranger in this class context
  (professional)
• Validity of these perspectives in a LEADERSHIP
  context
• Incorporating comparison into self observation
  subsequent behavior- Assign 2

Assign 1

Bass Avolio, 90 Learning from Inventories,
Marcic et al, 310, Wicklund, cited in Atwater
Yammarino, 1992
8
What should leaders become self-aware about?
Intrapersonal Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Self Monitoring
Attitudes toward authority
Self Control
Social Skills
Self Esteem
9
Do you already have this awareness?

• In the pre-requisites to this course (B23/B27)
  you became self aware of your Personality
• But you did not compare with anothers
  perspective of you and
• They were not specific to leadership skills

10
Review What is Personality

• A persons tendency toward thinking, behaving and
  feeling in consistent ways across different types
  of situations across time

Review of B23
11
Examples of Personality

• Extraversion
• Gregariousness (talkativeness), friendliness,
  assertiveness, activity level, excitement
  seeking, cheerfulness
• Agreeableness
• Sympathy, Trust, Morality, Altruism, Cooperation,
  Modesty

Review of B23
12
How is behavior different from Personality?

• Behavior
• Can be observed/measured all the time
• E.g., Talkativeness in social situations is
  extraversion vs. talkativeness in non social
  situations is not
• Is influenced by personality other factors
• E.g., Talking in class is determined by
  personality and reinforcement in class whereas
  talking across different social situations is
  determined by personality

13
Personality vs. Skill
Skill Personality
Changeable/malleable Relatively more stable across time and situation
Learned Relatively genetic
More concrete (lower level) More abstract (higher level)
e.g., Interpersonal Skill Part of Extraversion part of Agreeableness Conscientiousness e.g., Extraversion e.g., Agreeableness e.g., Conscientiousness
14
Personality vs. interpersonal skills?
Interpersonal Skills
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Self Monitoring
Self Control
Social Skills
Agreeableness
15
So how does personality map onto intra and
interpersonal skills?
Intrapersonal Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Attitudes toward authority
Self Monitoring
Self Control
Self Esteem
Social Skills
Emotional Stability
Agreeableness
Agreeableness
16
Back toWhat should leaders become self-aware
about?
Intrapersonal Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Self Monitoring
Attitudes toward authority
Self Control
Social Skills
Self Esteem
17
What is Self Esteem?

• View of oneself positively approval of oneself,
  judging oneself as significant, capable, worthy,
  believe that one has desirable traits
• E.g., I am filled with doubts about my competence
  Students should have completed this measure as
  preparation for todays lecture

291-292 Aamodt
18
What is confused with Self esteem? Emotional
Stability

• Self esteem is an aspect of Emotional Stability
• Emotional Stability (aka Neuroticism)Calm,
  Angry, anxious, worried, guilt-ridden, nervous
• Self esteem is a better predictor of job
  performance (.26) than emotional stability (.19)

291-292 Aamodt
19
Attitudes to Authority
Emotional Stability
Conscientiousness
Attitudes toward authority
Interpersonal Skills
Agreeableness
Intrapersonal Skills
Related to career outcomes, supervisors
satisfaction w/employee
20
Attitudes toward Authority

• Tendency to act in an obedient manner in
  situations where it is socially expected of one
  to follow an overt/implied command
• Tendency to follow rules, respect procedures,
  behave in socially appropriate manner, be
  conforming, be compliant
• E.g., in traffic in a church, in certain
  offices, with people holding certain roles

21
Back toWhat should managers become self-aware
about?
Intrapersonal Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Self Monitoring
Attitudes toward authority
Self Control
Social Skills
Self Esteem
22
Social Skills A facet of Agreeableness
Extraversion
Interpersonal Skills
Extraversion
Intrapersonal Skills
Social Skills
Agreeableness
23
Definition of Social Skills

• Able to read others accurately
• Make favorable first impressions
• Adapt to a wide range of social situations
• Be persuasive

Baron Markman 2000
24
ButSocial Skills are only part of Interpersonal
Skills
Social Skills
Self Control
Self Monitoring
Intrapersonal Skills
Interpersonal Skills
25
Interpersonal SkillsInitiate, build, maintain

• Social Skills
• Put oneself in the place of another person and
  try to understand what the person expects in an
  interaction
• Self-monitoring
• Incorporate information about other persons
  expectations in ones subsequent behaviour
• e.g., Regulating oneself when interacting with
  supervisor
• Self Control
• Stay focused on the other persons expectation
• E.g., supervisors expectation of being treated
  with respect

26
What is self-monitoring?

• Self monitoring
• Extent to which you monitor, regulate, control
  yourself in social situations
• E.g., a high self monitor may deceive people by
  being friendly when s/he really dislikes them
• Low self monitors behave according to their own
  inner states whereas high monitors behave
  according to the social situation

27
Self Control A Facet of Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness
Intrapersonal Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Self Control
Validity Related to career outcomes
28
What is Self Control?

• Features
• Impulse control Delay gratification
• Persistence
• On task
• on others expectations
• E.g., customer service context
• Low risk seeking (for self and other)
• Low self centeredness
• Ability to Control emotions
• E.g., Temper, anxiety
• In social (interpersonal) and personal
  (intrapersonal) context

29
Whats next..

• Why become self aware
• What is self awareness
• What to become aware about?
• How to make the self awareness process valid
  (i.e., useful) for yourself ?

30
Sample Question for Final
How to make the self awareness process valid

• Why measure interpersonal/ intra personal skills?
• Why should you trust the scores on the
  inventories you completed in this course?
• Why should you obtain some elses assessment of
  your interpersonal intrapersonal skills?
• Why may there be such discrepancies between your
  own vs. anothers view of your inter and intra
  personal skills
• How will you go about narrowing such
  discrepancies?

31
Sample Question for Final

• Describe a concrete behavioral example that
  illustrates the difference and similarity between
  
• self-control and self monitoring
• Social and inter-personal skills
• inter-personal and intra-personal skills
• self-control different in the intra-personal vs.
  inter-personal context

32
What you learned today--I

• Why become self aware
• To improve performance, manage career, improve
  interpersonal interactions
• What is self awareness
• Knowing about yourself via feedback from
  self/peers/others and changing yourself
  appropriately

33
What you learned today--II

• What to become aware about?
• Personality, interpersonal intrapersonal skills
• How to make the process of self awareness
  valuable for you?
• Take valid surveys, compare your perception to
  anothers perception