T2K ????????? MPPC(SiPM)?????

1
T2K ?????????MPPC(SiPM)?????
Contents

1. Introduction
2. ???? p.e. ???
3. ??????
4. ??????
5. ???????
6. Summary

???????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?
2
T2K ??
T2K???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???
??????????
Tokai to Kamioka
????????? ???????? ???????????
3
T2K?????
280m
?????
target
µ
proton
p
??????
Dump
Fine grained detector
T2K ???????FGD????? 11.5mmf???????1?1????????????
??????
4
Requirement for the photo sensor
fine grained detector
????????????

• ????????????????????
• ???(0.2T)????
• MIPlow energy proton
• ?????

• ???????????
• ???????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• Dynamic Range 200

????????????????????? MPPC(SiPM)???????????????
5
Advantage of Multi Pixel Photon Counter
PMT APD MPPC
Gain H.V ??????? 106 107 12kV Problematic 100200 100500V OK 106107 2080V OK
high gain
low bias V
Dynamic Range 400
low cost is expected
MPPC?FGD???????????????????
????FGD???? ????MPPC????????
6
?????
??
MPPC?T2K?????????????????
???HPK???????????????????
??? ????? Gain ???? ??????
21-53-1A(100e) 100 3x106 12ns 72V
1-43 (100a) 100 2x107 100ns 50V
1-32 (400b) 400 7x106 10ns 50V
???????????1mm2
7
???????

• ?????p.e.??????

T2K?????

• Gaingt5x105 ,noise ratelt1MHz
• ?????????????????MIP????
• 5p.e.?????

????????????
?????????????
????????

• ??????????????????

??????????????

• Cross Talk, Photon detection efficiency, Pulse
  linearity
• ???

Next speaker
8
???? p.e ???
2p.e
event
???????????????? ????
1p.e
3p.e
LED???????
??? 100a
0p.e
1p.e
2p.e
??????? (???)???
3p.e
????????? ????????? ???????
1mV/div 100ns/div
???
????????
???45 p.e ????? ????????
event
????????2?? ???????
30p.e
???????Gain? ???????
???
9
Gain ???
Blue LED
T20?
MPPC Gain1???????Gain
CAMAC ADC
AMP
???????Gain??????
X10100
charge sensitive
1???????????????(???)?MPPC?1p.e.?????????
MPPC
1p.e.????(Q) ?? MPPC Gain????

• MPPC Gain ?
• ??????,
• ????????

Q
MPPC Gain
Q

e(AMP Gain)
???
10
Gain v.s ?????? (20?)
Pixel??? ???????? ??
Gain8105 2107 ?????? C / e
?????CR
???????
??????
Gain
Gain
2107
??? 400b
??? 100a
6106
1.5107
5106
47
48.4
47.5
49.5
?????? (V)
?????? (V)
11
Noise Rate???

• MPPC???????????????????????
• ????????? (1p.e??????)
• ??? ??????????????????
• 0.5p.e, 1.5p.e ? threshold?????????????????

?????gate???? ????????
0p.e
event
no LED
event
??? 400b
1p.e
no LED
2p.e
0.5p.e
1p.e. ???(??????)
???
12
Noise Rate v.s. ?????? (20?)
noise rate (Hz)
1MHz
100a
????? ????
400b
0.5p.e threshold
1.5p.e threshold
?90??? 1p.e.???
??????(V)
???????1V????? noise rate ?????????
13
??????????????
HPK21-53-1A(100????)
????(600????)
??????????MPPC????
Gain
Gain
2x106
5x105
??????(V)
??????(V)
1MHz
1MHz
Noise rate (Hz)
Noise rate (Hz)
threshold
0.5p.e
(
1.5p.e
??????(V)
??????(V)
14

• ??????????????????????

??
T2K ???????????????? MPPC????T2K???????????????
MIP????5p.e.??
setup

• 0.51.4GeV/c
• proton pion
• 100 event/spill
• beam size 1x1cm2

???
4ch??? ??????MPPC ?????????? ???
64ch MAPMT (as reference)
MPPC (HPK or Russia)
4 layers
??????1.3x2.5x50 cm3 (K2K???Scibar???
?????????)
?????1mmF
15
HPK?MPPC??????????alignment
HPK?MPPC???????????????
0.8mm

• Z?? ???????????????
• ???-?????????0.8mm???
• X,Y?? ??????????????
• ??????????????????????

X?Y???????
?????????
MPPC
???????????? ??????? MPPC???? ???????????? ???????
???
?????(1mmf)
X,Y?????????????20,Z?????????60?????????
???????40???????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
16
MIP????? (p.e.) ?
Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE)MPPC????(1mm2
)??????????????????????? (???????????)
PMT?????PDE??HPK??70, ?????100 ?????????????????
MIP????????????????????????????
HPK
event
event
???
13.3p.e.
17.1p.e.
???????p.e.????MPPC???? ??????????
p.e.
p.e.
17
MIP????? (p.e.) ?
MIP????MAPMT????????18.2p.e.???
HPK
???
PDE?PMT?70??????(p.e.)
PDE?PMT?100??????(p.e.)
Serial ??(p.e.) PMT???()
13 9.9 54
14 10.2 56
16 13.3 73
17 7.2 39
Serial ??(p.e.) PMT???()
13 22.9 126
14 17.1 94
MPPC?????T2K????????? ???????
???????????????? ???????????? (????????)
PDE?Z??????????
???????????????????? ???PDE????????? ???HPK??????
??????X,Y?????????????????????
18
???????????

• ??????????????????
• MPPC????????????????

??
????????????????????????????????
?? HPK????????? ??????? (100????)?????
100µm
?? 825nm ??? 50ps
??????
???
?????

• 1???????
• efficiency??
• ???????
• gain, efficiency
• ?????

??????????? ?10µm
MPPC
?????? 1µm ??? (x , y)
???????
19
1???????efficiency??
??? 70x70µm
1????
1???????????2???????????????Efficiency????
10µm ???
100µm
????
????60x60µm2 ??????????????????
??????? Efficiency
? 100 ???? ????
1p.e.
????? _at_ 1 ????
y
Efficiency ?????????? 0.5p.e.?????
0p.e.
x
100µm
100µm
0.5p.e.
20
??????????????
?????????????????? ???????Gain, Efficiency????
????????????? ???????????????
? 100 ???? ????
1????? ??Gain
1????? ??Efficiency
??????????? 3.6 (r.m.s./mean)
??????????? 2.5 (r.m.s./mean)
y
y
x
1mm
x
1mm
1mm
1mm
21
Summary

• HPK???????MPPC?????????
• p.e ????????

HPK????21-53-1A (100????)????
T2K????????

• Gain 3x106 , noise rate 1MHz
• ????????????(???????)??
• MIP????13.3p.e.????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ?????????

(Gain, noise rate?????????????????)

• 100??????Dynamic Range????????
• T2K??200????????????

T2K??????????
????Cross talk , PDE, linearity ???????
next speaker
22
Supplement
23
Break down Voltage
100p.e saturation
number of event
HPK100a? ??Bias V???? ??????p.e?? saturate????
HPK100a V48.0
100pixel?30pixel ?????????? ???????
30p.e
HPK100a V47.2 LED full intensity
100pixel
30
70
Geiger mode
Avalanche mode
adc count
pixel???break down voltage??????????????
24
Gain v.s Bias V
all of 4 have 600 pixels
Gain
Rus23
Rus14

• Gain3105 2107
• dG/dV depends on
• Capacitance of a pixel
• T20?

Rus20
Rus22
bias voltage (V)
Gain
Gain
HPK100f
HPK100a
HPK100d
number of pixel
HPK100e
HPK400b
HPK1600a
bias voltage (V)
bias voltage (V)
25
Noise Rate v.s Bias V (20?)
noise rate (Hz)
noise rate (Hz)
HPK100a
HPK400b
HPK100d
HPK100f
HPK100e
HPK1600a
bias voltage (V)
noise rate (Hz)
bias voltage (V)
0.5p.e threshold by pulse height
0.5p.e threshold by charge (in progress)
RUS14
RUS23
RUS20
RUS22
1.5p.e threshold by pulse height
bias voltage (V)
26
X-talk v.s bias V
by poisson law
5-31-22(1600)
1-43-22(100)
X-talk possibility
X-talk possibility
21-53-2A-3(100)
5-63-1A-2(100)
1-32-21(400)
21-53-1A-3(100)
bias voltage (V)
bias voltage (V)
27
Unknown Behavior

• Possibility that pixels gain are divided
• to two pattern

number of event

• such a behavior
• was seen in
• HPKs 4 SiPMs
• currently we are
• researching this in detail

HPK100b
? p.e peak
adc count
28
??
type4
type1
type1
SiPM ID
5-31-22 (1600a)
1-21A-21 (1600b)
1-22-2A-22 (400a)
????? ???(µm) Vb(V) ?????(ns) quench??(kO)
1600 25 79 5 135
1600 25 55 5 135
400 50 55 10 180
Vr(V) Id(nA)
73.5 4.6
49.5 19
48.7 4.7
1-32-21 (400b)
1-43-22 (100a)
1-63-1A-22 (100b)
1-63-1A-23 (100c)
400 50 53 10 108
100 100 52 100 270
100 100 54 60 270
100 100 53 60 270
type2
type5
type1
type1
48.4 54
48.4 625
49.6 15
48.1 48
5-63-1A-2 (100d)
21-53-1A-3 (100e)
21-53-2A- 3 (100f)
100 100 53 40 270
100 100 75 12 42
100 100 76 40 147
type3
type6
type6
72.7 24.7
70.6 21.7
70.6 19.8
29
????

• ????????HPK????????
• ??????1p.e????????1/2????????
• Vb?????100µA?????????
• Vr???0????????10nA??????????????
• ??????????????1000?(10µA)?????????
• Id?Vr???????????????????????????