Gross Anatomy of the Mucular System

1
Gross Anatomy of the Mucular System

• Ex. 15

2
Classification of Skeletal Muscles

• Types of Muscles
• Agonists (Prime Movers ) muscles that are
  primarily responsible for producing a particular
  movement
• Antagonist muscles that oppose or reverse a
  movement
• - When agonists are active, antagonist is
  stretched and relaxed

3

• Synergists reduce undesirable or unnecessary
  movement
• Fixators immobilize the origin of a prime mover
  so that all the tension is exerted at the
  insertion

4
Naming of muscle fibers

• Direction of muscle fiber
• Rectus fibers are running parallel to imaginary
  line
• Transverse-right angle
• Oblique-
• Size
• Maximus -largest
• Minimus - smallest
• Longus - longest
• Brevis -short

5

• Location of muscle
• Names for bones they are associated with
• Number of origins
• Biceps, triceps, quadriceps
• Location of the muscle's origin and insertion
• Shape of muscle
• Action of muscle

6

• 3D animations

7
LE 11-3a-0
Epicranial aponeurosis
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Temporoparietalis
Temporoparietalis (reflected)
Trapezius
Temporalis
Sternocleidomastoid
Clavicle
Omohyoid
Deltoid
Acromion
Pectoralis major
Sternum
Biceps brachii (short head)
Serratus anterior
Biceps brachii (long head)
Latissimus dorsi
Triceps brachii (long head)
External oblique
Triceps brachii (medial head)
Rectus abdominis
Brachialis
Linea alba
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Palmaris longus
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor retinaculum
Gluteus medius
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Tensor fasciae latae
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Iliotibial tract
Patella
Gastrocnemius
Tibia
Fibularis longus
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Extensor digitorum longus
Superior extensor retinaculum
Lateral malleolus of fibula
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Medial malleolus of tibia
8
LE 11-4
Epicranial aponeurosis
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Temporoparietalis (cut and reflected)
Corrugator supercilii
Temporalis
Temporalis (temporoparietalis removed)
Procerus
Orbicularis oculi
Nasalis
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus minor
Levator anguli oris
Zygomaticus major
Masseter
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Risorius
Epicranial aponeurosis
Platysma
Temporoparietalis (cut and reflected)
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Mentalis (cut)
Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid
Procerus
Thyroid cartilage of the larynx
Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid
Orbicularis oculi
Temporalis
Nasalis
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus minor
Masseter
Trapezius
Clavicle
Levator anguli oris
Buccinator
Platysma (cut and reflected)
Anterior view
Zygomaticus major
Sternocleidomastoid
Mentalis (cut)
Orbicularis oris
Trapezius
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Omohyoid
Platysma (cut and reflected)
Lateral view
9
LE 11-11a
Serratus anterior
Internal intercostal
External oblique
External intercostal
Tendinous inscription
External oblique (cut)
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Cut edge of rectus sheath
Linea alba
Anterior view
10
LE 11-13a-0
SUPERFICIAL
DEEP
Sternocleidomastoid
Semispinalis capitis
Cut edge of right trapezius
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Supraspinatus
Scapular spine
Rhomboid minor (cut and reflected)
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Serratus posterior (superior)
Teres minor
Teres major
Rhomboid major (cut and reflected)
Triceps brachii
Serratus anterior
Erector spinae muscle group (see Figure 1110a)
Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected)
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus posterior (inferior)
Thoracolumbar fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
External oblique
Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected)
Iliac crest
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Posterior view
11
LE 11-13b-0
SUPERFICIAL
DEEP
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Platysma
Subclavius
Deltoid (cut and reflected)
Pectoralis minor
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major (cut and reflected)
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii (short and long heads)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Serratus anterior
Serratus anterior
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Internal oblique (cut)
External oblique
External oblique (cut and reflected)
Rectus sheath
Rectus abdominis
Superficial inguinal ring
Transversus abdominis
Gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Anterior view
12
LE 11-16a-1
Triceps brachii, long head
Triceps brachii, lateral head
Brachioradialis
Olecranon of ulna
Anconeus
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor pollicis brevis
Ulna
Radius
Extensor retinaculum
13
LE 11-16b-1
Coracoid process of scapula
Humerus
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii, short head
Biceps brachii, long head
Triceps brachii, long head
Triceps brachii, medial head
Brachialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Pronator quadratus
Flexor retinaculum
14
LE 11-20a
Iliac crest
Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
Biceps femoris, long head
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Iliotibial tract
Biceps femoris, short head
Semimembranosus
Sartorius
Tibial nerve
Popliteal artery (red) and vein (blue)
Plantaris
Hip and thigh, posterior view
15
LE 11-20b
Anterior superior Iliac spine
Gluteus medius
Iliacus
Inguinal ligament
Iliopsoas
Psoas major
Pubic tubercle
Pectineus
Tensor fasciae latae
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Iliotibial tract
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Quadriceps tendon
Patella
Patellar ligament
Quadriceps and thigh muscles, anterior view
16
LE 11-21a
Plantaris
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius, medial head
Soleus
Gastrocnemius, lateral head
Soleus
Gastrocnemius (cut and removed)
Calcaneal tendon
Calcaneus
SUPERFICIAL
DEEP
Posterior view
17
LE 11-21d
Patella
Patellar ligament
Medial surface of tibial shaft
Medial head of gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Superior extensor retinaculum
Calcaneal tendon
Medial malleolus
Flexor retinaculum
Tendon of tibialis anterior
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Abductor hallucis
Medial view