Title: n HO-R-OH n HOOC-R
1??? ??????
2- ????????????
- ?????????????????????????
- ??????????
- ?????????????
- ??????????????
32.1 ??
1 ?????????
- ???????,????????????????????,??????????
?????,?????????????????? -
????(????)
??????
????????
??????????????????????????????????????-6?
4 ??????,???????,??????????
52 ???????
- ????????????
- ???????????
- ???????????????????? ?????????
- n HO-R-OH n HOOC-R-COOH
- H-(ORO-OCRCO)n-OH (2n-1) H2O
(1)????
??????????????,
n HO-R-OH n HO-R-OH
H-(OR-OR)n-OH (2n-1) H2O
6- ?????????????????????
- ?????
n H2N-R-NH2 n ClOC-R-COCl
H-(HNRNH-OCRCO)n-Cl (2n-1) HCl
???????????????,????????????,?H2O, HCl, ROH??
???????????????????????
7(??????)
(2)??????
????????????????????????????????????
n OCN-R-NCO n HO-R-OH
??????,?????
???????? -NH2, -NH, -OH, -SH, -SO2H, -COOH,
-SiH? ??????????????????, ?-CCO,
-NCO,-NCS,-CC-,-CN?
8Diels-Alder?????????????? ?
???????,???????????????????
9- ??????????????
- ????????????????,????????????????,??????
??
????????
??????
?????????
????
???????
(1)????????
10- ?????????????
- ??????????
- n HO-R-OH H-(OR)n-OH (n-1)
H2O - b. ??????, ???????,???????????????
- ????????????????
- n H2N-R-NH2 n HOOC-R-COOH
- H-(HNRNH-OCRCO)n-OH (2n-1) H2O
- c. ????????????
- ??????????
- n HO-R-COOH H-(ORCO)n-OH (n-1)
H2O
11(i)?????????? ???????????????????????????,
?????????????????????????? ??????
12- (ii)???????????
- ?????????????????????????,?????????
??????????,????????? - ????????????????
- a. ????????
- ???????????????????
13- b.?????????????????????,? ????????,??????????????
? ??????????????????,?????????? - ???????????????,???????????????????????
????????
(2)?????????
142.2 ????
- ??
- ????????????????????,?????????????,?????
??????????? - ??????????????,??????????????????,??????
????
?????????? -COOH?-OH?-COOR?-COCl?-NH2?
151. ????????
- ??????
- ???????????????????????
- ?????????????
- ????,??????,?????,?
??????,???? 1
????,???? 3
16- 1-n?????
- ????????? 1,???????????1 ,?
1-1?1-2?1-3?1-4??,??????????,?????? - 2-2?????
- ???????????????
- ??????????
17- 2 ?????
- ????????????????????,?????????
- 2-3?2-4?????
- ??????????????????
?????
2. ??????
?????? ??????? 103 ?????
?? K ? 4??? K ? 400 ???????
?????? 103
????????????
18- ???????????
- ????
- ????
- ??????????
- ????????????????,2 -???
- ???
???????????????????? ???????????????????????
???
- ????????????????????
- ?????????????? Tg?Tm?
- ???????????????
19- ??????????????????????????
202.3 ????????
1. ?????????
- ???????????
- 2-2? 2 ???????????????,????????
- ???????????,?????????
21- ??????????????,? HO(CH2)nCOOH
(?-???)?????n1?,??????????,
?n2?,??????????n3?4?,????????
22- ??????,?????????
- ???????
- 5, 6 gt 7 gt 8 11 gt 3, 4
- ???????,????????
- ??????????,????,?
????????,????????????????,???????? ?
232. ??????
????????????????????
1)????
- ??????????????
- ?????????????????
2
???
???
???
?????????????,??????,????????????
24- ????????????????????????,??????
- ??????,???????????,?????????
- ??????,??????????????????
- ??
- ??????????????????
- ?P?????????????????????????
25???????????????????,?
- ??????????????????N0, ????????????
- t ????????N,????????????
????P???????????(N0-N)?????????
26- ????????????
- ????????????????????,???????????????
- ???????????????????
?????????????????????
27?????????
?
- ?P0. 9,Xn 10
- ??????Xn 100 200,P???? 0. 99 0. 995
?P0. 9,Xn 10 ??????Xn 100 200,P???? 0. 99
0. 995
282) ??????
??????????????,????????? ?????????????,??????
29??????K???,????????????
K??, ??????,K ? 4,
????????????? K???,???????,K ? 300500
?????????? K???,?????,????????
?????????
- ?????????,????????,?????????????????
303. ???????
- ??????,??????????
- ?????? ????????????????
????????????,????????????,????????
???????,??????,???????????
31- ??????????????????,???????????????
32- ????
- ?????????????????????????
33- ?????
- ?????????????????????????????????????????
344. ????????????
??????? ????????? 1.?????? 2.???? 3.????
352.4 ???????
1. ????????
- ??????????????????????????????????
,??????? ? - ????,?????????????????
- Flory???????????
- ??????????,?????????????????,??????????
??????
362. ???????
- ????????????
- ???????????????,???????
????????????,?????????????????????
37- ????????
-
- ??k1?k2?k5gtk3,???????,k4?k6???,??????????k3???
38- ?????????,?????????????
-
- ??,????????????????????
39 40- ????HA????????,?????
- ???????,?H2SO4,????
- ???????
- ?????????????????,?????,??????????????????????
????,????????
41????,???
??????
?????????C??
C Co (1-P)
42????,?Plt0.8?,?7-16??????????????????????Pgt0.8??,?7
-16?????????????????????
??????????
43- ??????,????????????????
- ???????????????????
- ?????,H??,? ka H gtgt kC,kC??,??k ka H,?
??????????
44? C Co (1-P) ????
45???????
????????????????????,???????? ?????????,??
???1,t????C
?? 1 1
0 0 t
????? C C
1-C 1-C ????? C
C 1-C
nw
?????
46?????????
??
?????
??????
??????????????????????????
472.5 ?????????
1. ????????????????
??????????????????????(????????????)???????
100200,??????Pgt0.99?
48- ????????,????? P ? Xn ??????,????????,????????
? - ????
- ????????,?????????
??????????,???????,?
??
49???
(1)?
(2)?
?
- ?????,K 4, P 0.67, Xn???? 3
- ?????,K 400,P 0.95, 21
- ????? K 104, P 0.99, 101
?????
50???
??????
? P? 1 ( gt 0.99)?
51- ????,?? Xn gt 100,??????? nW??
- K? nW
(mol / L) - ?? 4 lt 4
10-4(????) - ??? 400 lt 4
10-2(?????) - ????? 103 ????????
??????????,??????????,???????????
522. ???????????
?????????????????????????,??????????????
???????????r,?????????????????q????????????
????????
???????? ??????????
????????????
53- ?2-2????,??aAa?bBb??,
- ?Na?Nb??????a?b??????,?Nb Na?
-
??????????
bBb?????????(??????)?
7-30
- ?????????Xn?r (?q)?????P????
541)????p 1???
552)????plt1???
?????????
2-2???????? aAa?????bBb??
- ????a??????P,
- ?a???????? NaP (??b???????),
- a???????? Na-NaP,
- b???????? Nb-NaP,
- a?b????????? NaNb-2NaP,
- ?????????????????,????????
- ????????????????????????,
- ( NaNb-2NaP)/ 2?
- ???????????????( NaNb)/ 2
56???Xn?P?r?q????????
57????????
58aAa?bBb????,??????????Cb
???????Cb????,?????
- aAa??????a???? Na-NaP
- bBb??????b???? Nb-NaP Na-NaP
- ??????(ab)???? 2(Na-NaP)
- ?????????
?????????(????) NaNb
59- aRb ?????????Cb(????Nb)??
- ?????????????
60- ???????? Na-NaPNb
- ?????????(????) NaNb
?a??????P1?,
??
- ???????,Xn?P?r(?q)???? ?
- ????????,?????????????
- ??????,???????,????????????
61- ??????-66,???Mn 13500???,??????????, ??????P
0. 994,????????????? - ????????,??-66??????
??????
62??
??????????
632.6 ?????
- Flory??????,??????????,???????????????
- ??aRb?????????,?????
????
64- ????(x-1)???,????????????
- ??x-??????(x-1)??????????????????
- ??????N??????,x-????????Nx
x-?????????
????????N0,??????P?
????
????????
65- ???????,???????(x 1)??????
?????????????????????,?
???? P N1?? 0
N0 0.5
0.25 N0 0.9
0.01 N0 0.99
0.0001 N0 1 0
- ?????????????????????????????
66- ????????????,?x-????????x????
- ?Wx?x-?????
- W???????????
- ?,x-????????
X-??????
X-??????
????? (???)
???????
67?
?
??
,
?
68?? ???HO(CH2)4COOH??????, ???????????18400g/mol
, ??(1)?????????? (2)????? (3)
(4)????185???????????
?(1)??????????,??????? ???P
69 (2)?????
(3)
(4)????185???????????
702.7 ?????????
1 ??????????????
- ??????????,1025kJ/mol,????????????
- ???( 40100kJ/mol ),???????????( 1540kJ/mol )?
- ????????,???????(150275?)??????
- ??????????,??????(10-3L/mols)???????????????
(102104L/mols)
?H???,?????,??????,??????
???????????
712 ?????????
- ??????????????????????
- ?????????????????????
- ??
- ????,????
- ???????,??????
- ?????????????
- ?????????????
- ?????
- ???200-300 ???,???????????10-20 ?,
???????????????
72- ?????,???????????
- ???????????????????
- ???????????????,???????(N2?CO2)????
- ?????????,??????????,??????????
- ?????,?????????????,?????????
??????????
73???? ??????????????????????????????????????
???????????,???????????
- ????
- ??????????,??????????????????????????????????
,??????,???????????? - ????
- ????????????????,?????,?????
- ??????????????
74- ?????????????????????????,????????
? ??????????????,???????????
??????????????,?????????????????,?????????
???????? ????????????????
?????????????,????????????
?????????????,???????????????????????????????,????
???
75- ?????
- ? ????????????
- ? ????????????????
- ? ??????????????????????
- ??
- ? ?????,????
- ? ????,???????
- ? ?????,???????
- ? ????????????
?? ? ????????,???? ? ???????,?????????,??????,?
?????????????
76 ??????????????????,???????????????
??
- ?????????
- ?????,???,???????, ????????104-105 L/mol.s?
- ??????????????????
- ??????????????????,????,???????????
- ??????????????,????????????????
- ??????,??????,?????
77?????????????
??
??????
?????HCl,??????
???-NaOH???
?????
?????CHCl3??
78- ??????????????????
- ??
- (1)?????????,????????1530?
- (2)????AB???
- (3)?????
- (4)??????????
- (5)??????????????????
792.8 ???????
????????????????????????????
????????(PET)??????? PET??????????(
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)??ICI??1939??????????
????????????
???????????????,???????,?????,????????????,?????
??????
80??(PET)???-???? 1. ???????????
2. ????????????
3. ???,??????????,??????
81?? ? ?????(200 300?) ? ????? ?
????????? ? ?????????
?????????,????,?????? ???????????????,???????
?????,???????????
82??(PET)???????????????????
???????? PTMT?????????? (Poly(trimethylene
terephthalate)
PBT?????????? (Poly(butylene terephthalate)
????????
83- ????(Polycarbonate, PC)-????
??A????
84 ?????PC-????
??A?????,????????(??),??,????,??????????,?
????????? PC???(270?),????????150?,???????
??,?????,?????????????
85 ??-66,??????1935??????????????? ??????
?????????????,?????,?????????,???????????????????
??????
86??6,6 ?????
1. ?????????????6,6?,??????,????,????????
HOOC(CH2)4COOH H2N(CH2)6NH2 NH3 (CH2)6NH3
-OOC(CH2)4COO-
2.????????66???60???,??0.2??,???,????,????,??22
0?,2?????,?????6,6????? ??????????,??66????,?????
?,?????????????????K ?,??,????????????????
873. ??????????????280?,?????,5-6????????????2????6
,6,???????
??
NH3 (CH2)6NH3 -OOC(CH2)4COO- H3CCO-NH(CH2)6N
HOC(CH2)4COn- OH 2n H2O
??-1010 ??????? 1010?????, ??????????
88??????????(PPD-T)Kevlar,
??????????Nomex
?????????,???????????,? ??????????????????????? ??
????,???????????????????????????
892.9 ????
- ???????
- ????2?????????????2???????????????????
??? - ?????????????????
- ???????????
- ????????????,????
- ???????????????????????
- ?????????????????
- 1 ????????????(???5005000)
- ??????,?????,???????
- 2 ????,??????????????
- ????,???????
90 ????????,?????????????????? 1)?????
????????????,???????????????
- ????????A ???????????,B
?????????????????,C ?????????????,??A?B???????????
???????,???????????,?????????? - ???????????????????????
91- 2)?????
- ????????????,?????????????????????????
????,?????????????????
?????????????????,?????????????????
????????,??????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????
922.10 ?????????
????????????????????????
???????????,?????????,??????????,????????????
????????,????????,?????,??????????????????,???
???????????????????????????
????????,????????????,???????????????????
93- ???????
- ?????????????(??????)?????,?Pc??,??,Xn
?????????????????????????? - ??P-Pc??,???????????
- P lt Pc,A????,????????
- P?Pc,B????,?????,????
- P gt Pc,C????,?????
???
??C???????????????????????,????????????,??
???????(Sol),??????????(Gel)?
??????????????,?????????,?????????
?????????????????????
941 ??????
- (1) Carothers??
- ????????????,????????????,????
P-Xn???,???Xn? ? ??????,????Pc? - ???????
- ????
- ????????
- ???????????????????????
95- ??,?2 mol??(f 3)? 3 mol ??(f 2)??????
- ????????????
- ????????????????N0
- ????????N0
- t ???????????N
- ??????????? 2 (N0-N)
- ?????????,t ?????????????????????????
96- ??????, Carothers ?? Xn? ?
- ??????? ?
?????????????
Carothers??
?????????
?? Pc lt 0.833
97 ????????
- ??,1 mol??? 5 mol ????,??????
Pc 0. 922
???,1 mol ??? 5 mol?????,?????,??? 2
mol??????,????????? ?????????,?????????????
????????????,??????????? ????????????????????????
?????????,???????????,??????
98- ??????????????????????????????
- ??A?B?C?????????
- ??????Na?Nb?Nc
- ??????fa?fb?fc
- ??A?C????????(a)
- ?a???????b?????(??? b??)
- ????????????
99??C?a?????a?????? ?,?
- fa fb 2,fc gt 2 ?????,????,??
100??Carothers??,??
- ????????????,??????????
- ??
- ????????
??fa fb 2,fc gt2 ???a??????b
Pc?????a???????,???b??????rPc? ?? r? ? ??????
101???????????Pc
??? ?? ??? ???? 1
1. 2 0.8 ?? 2
1. 5 1.8 ??
3 1. 0 1.2 1, 2-???
2 0. 7 0.4
??????
4. 2 4.4
4. 4 4.4
?????
102 Carothers????????????????
?
??
- ?????????,?????????????,?????????? P ??
Xn,?? - ?????
?????? - ??? 1
2 - ??? 0. 99
1. 98 - ? ? 0. 01
0. 01
1. 99
103??
- ?????????????????????
- ????????????,??? aAa ? bBb ?????
104(2) ??? Flory??
- Flory?????????????,????????????????
??????????? - ????
- ??????,????? 2 ??????????????????,?????????(??
??)?????? - ????????????????????????????,??????,?a???
105 106(2)????
- ??,n??0??????
- ????A?B??????PA(B????????)
- ???B?A??????PB(A????????)
- ???????A??????A???
- (1- ? )??A-A???A??????A???
- ????B??????????? PB ?
- ???B?A-A???????? PB (1- ? )
107PA
PB(1-?)
PA
PB ?
- n??? 0 ?????????,
- ?????????,? n08????,????????????(?????a)???
???????
108 109 ?????????
- ?????????? f
- ??????????????????a,
- ??????????????(f-1)???,
- ????????a????????????,
- ????????????????????????????(f-1)a,
- ??(f-1)a lt 1,??????,?????,
- ??(f-1)a gt 1,??????,?????,
- ????????????(f-1)a 1,?
110???PA?????
- ??A-A, B-B?Af(f gt2)??,?????,???????
- ???????????
- ????,A?B???,r 1,PA PB P
- ??B-B?Af ??(?A-A??, ? 1),r lt 1
111- ??B-B?Af ??(?A-A??, ? 1),r1
- ??
- f ???????????,f gt 2,??????????????
112- ???????????
- ?3-3???????,?1,r 1,
- ????Carothers???????0.67,??????0.56,??
???????
113- ???????????????
- ??????(f 3)????(f
2)??,?2-Af??,? 1,?r 1,??7-64, -
- ????????????????0.833,??????0.765?
- ???????,???????????????,??????????????
114???????
????
?????
115(1) ??A-A?B-B?Af( f gt2 )??
A?B?????
A?B????
??,??Af??A??A???
116(2) B-B?Af??,(? 1)
A?B?????
A?B????
1172.11 ??????????????
- 1 ?????
- ??????????????,??????????,???????????,????????
??? - ????
- ??????????(??/??1/1.1-1.2)
- ???,?????????????????????????????????????
118(No Transcript)
119???????????????,????, ??????
120 ?????? ????(??/??1/0.8) ???,??????????,?????
121??????? ???????????,?????,??, ????????????? ???
???????,???????
???????????,??,???????
122????A ?????(??9 ?)??? (NaOH)?????(?),???0-12??
???????(???0)???(???gt2) ?
123- ???(E)
- ???(E)100???????????????
- ?????????????????????
- ?????6101,?????E-44,??????????0.44?
- ??? 1000.44 MW 2???MW454
- ????618 E-50, ???400
124- ????(Q)
- ????(Q)
- 1????????????????
- ?????????????????????
- ???????????
- Q100/E
125?????????,??????????? ?????????,
- ??????
- NH2 ????2,??????????
- ???????100g????????????(g)?
- ??(?????,??????)??????
- ?????,????????
??????????
126?????-NHCOO-????????? ???????????????????????????
?????????? ??????,???,????????
127??????????
128??????????
?????TDI, MDI
????????1,4-???????(PEO,PTHF)?????(???????????
????????HO-----OH?)
129?????????? 1. ???MDI??????????????????????????
2. ??????????????,?????????????????????????? ?
?????????????????????????????
130- ?????????
- ???TDI??????????????????????????
- 2. ???????
- 3. ?????????????????,?????
-
- ???????????(?????)???????????
131- ???????????
- ????????Diels-Alder??
132- ??????????????,?????????,?????????????
???????????????????
??????????????,??????????????,??,????????
??,?????????????????????
133- ??
- ??????,??????,??????
- ??????,???????
- ????????????????
- ?????????????
n k104 1 22.5 2
15.3 3 7.5 4 7.4 5
7.4 7.6?0.2
134- Flory????
- ?????????????????????????????
- ???????,?????????????,?????????????????????
- ??????????,?????,??????????????????,????????????