Early Society in South Asia 4000 -1000 BCE

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Early Society in South Asia4000 -1000 BCE

• Harappan Society
• Indo-European
• Migrations

K.M.H.S. AP World History
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Geographic Barriers
Khyber Pass
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Concepts Terms

• Panchatantra
• Tamils
• Kushans

• Kautliya
• Gurus

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Indo-European Languages
Not Indo- European
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Essential Questions

• How did geographic location impact Harappa?
• What attributed to the demise of Harappan
  Dravidian society?
• What was the impact of the Indo-European
  invasions?
• How were the Upanishads a blending of Aryan and
  Dravidian values?

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Harappa Mohenjo-daro
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Indus Valley Civilization

• Harappa Mohenjo-daro
• Twin fortified cities
• COMPLEX SOCIETY OF DRAVIDIANS
• Standardized weights measures
• Un-translated written language
• Trade with Mesopotamia 2300
  B.C.E.
• Declined gt 2000 B.C.E.
• Possible causes
• Ecological degradation
• Floods / earthquakes

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Aryans AKAIndo-Europeans
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Indo-European Migrants

• Aryansgt Caucasus Caspian Sea
• Linguistic relationships
• Indo-Iranian, Greek, Balto-Slavic, Germanic,
  Italic, Celtic
• Migrations
• Tarim Basin 4000 B.C.E. Central Asia
• Anatolia Hittites 3000 B.C.E.
• Central Western Europe 2000 B.C.E.
• Dorian Greeks Etruscans

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Indo-Europeans India

• Aryan migrants
• Pastoral nomads
• Light skinned
• Migration into India
• First into Indus Valley Punjab
• Himalaya to Ganges 1000 B.C.E.
• Lost tribal affiliations est. local kingdoms

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Indo-Europeans India

• VEDIC AGE
• Culture clash with indigenous people Dravidians
• DARK SKINNED CALLED DASAS BY ARYANS
• Warrior culture clashes with sedentary
  agriculturalists
• Indra Aryan war god a military hero
  against-Dasas

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Religion of Vedic Age

• SPIRITUALITY
• Dissatisfaction with ritual
• Shift to spiritual contemplation
• Retreat to isolation hermits
• Adapted Dravidian
• Transmigration of souls
• Reincarnation

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Rig Veda
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Caste System Social Mobility

• Hereditary caste
• Difficult to change becomes
  more rigid later
• Promoted social harmony
• Jati rules of behavior strictly adhered to by
  society
• Foreign people could find a place in caste system
• Based on Jati sub caste

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Caste System
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The pattern of social classes in Hinduism is
called the "caste system." The chart shows the
major divisions and contents of the system. Basic
caste is called varna, or "color." Sub-caste, or
jâti, "birth, life, rank," is a traditional
subdivision of varna.                          
                                           
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Caste Patriarchy

• Lawbook of Manu
• Anonymous
• Moral behavior social relationships
• Advised men
• Treat women with respect honor
• Advised women
• Subservient to men
• Bear children/maintain home
• SATI social custom
• Burn widow on husbands
  funeral pyre

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Blending Aryan Dravidian

• UPANISHADS
• Religious teachings
• 800-400 B.C.E.
• Religious forums/dialogues
• BRAHMAN
• Universal Soul
• ATMAN-individual soul
• Highest goal
• Escape reincarnation
• Join with Brahman
• Moksha

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Reincarnation
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UPANISHAD TEACHINGS

• SAMSARA
• Cycle of birth death
• KARMA
• Specific incarnations
• actions invest in future incarnations
• MOKSHA
• Permanent liberation from physical incarnation
• Religion Vedic Society
• Reinforced social hierarchy
• Promoted high ethical standards
• Respect for all living things AHIMSA
• Vegetarian diet

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• Samsara
• Brahman
• Vishnu
• Shiva
• Krishna

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Vedas to Hinduism
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Enduring Question

• Remember the political, economic, and cultural
  tendencies of India in this time period and be
  prepared to make detailed connections with other
  cultures as this course progresses.