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War in the Pacific

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War in the Pacific 1941-1945 – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: War in the Pacific


1
War in the Pacific
  • 1941-1945

2
Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
  • Japan attacked US Naval Base Pearl Harbor
    because
  • US was boycotting Japanese goods because of China
    and Indochina (FDR had demanded Japan withdraw
    from both)
  • US stood between Japan and Pacific expansion
  • Greater victory than they had hoped
  • Sank/disabled 19 ships, 188 airplanes, killed
    over 2400 and wounded 1100
  • US aircraft carries out to sea, so they escaped
    damage
  • Roosevelt declared war the next day

3
Victory in the Pacific (1942-45)
  • While European war occurring, Japan taking over
    much of the Pacific (wanted living space)
  • 1942 Japan took Philippines, Malay States, Dutch
    East Indies, part of New Guinea
  • US halted their advance north of Australia at
    Coral Sea (May) and Midway (June, considered
    payback for Pearl Harbor)
  • August, under command of Douglas MacArthur,
    launched an attack at Guadalcanal
  • 6 months to victory
  • Beginning of island hopping North to Japan,
    take some islands, skip others
  • 1945 captured Iwo Jima and Okinawa, allowed US to
    launch air raids on Japan
  • Japan fought back with Kamikaze, suicide pilots

4
Pacific Theater
5
Back to Europe
  • Yalta Conference
  • Feb. 1945, the Big Three (Roosevelt, Stalin
    Churchill) met in the Soviet Union to decide what
    to do with the world after the war
  • Decisions reached
  • United Nations would be organized as a permanent
    international peace-keeping organization
  • Germany Berlin would be divided into 4 zones of
    occupation by the US, Britain, Soviet Union,
    France

6
Victory Over Japan
  • General Hideki Tojo refused to surrender
  • July US issued an ultimatum, surrender or face
    utter destruction
  • Japan did not surrender
  • Japanese refused to surrender President Harry
    S. Truman (FDR had died in April) knew an
    invasion of Japan could mean up to a 1 million
    American deaths, he ordered that a new defensive
    weapon be dropped on a Japanese city
  • August 6, 1945 first bomb dropped on Hiroshima
  • Japan still did not surrender
  • August 9 second dropped on Nagasaki
  • August 14 Japan surrendered

7
Trumans notes to Stalin At Potsdam
8
Manhattan Project
  • Atomic bomb
  • Invented in the Manhattan Project
  • Albert Einstein told FDR in 1939 that a a-bomb
    could be built and the Nazis were working on it
  • US secret project led by Oppenheimer
  • Used people from US, GB, Canada, and refugees
    from Nazi-occupied Europe
  • Made Atomic Bomb containing 2 lbs of Uranium
    explosive power of 20,000 tons of TNT
  • Bombs were known as fat man and little boy
  • Hiroshima bomb killed or injured 130,000
    destroyed 60 of city
  • GB worked on it, Allies did not tell Stalin about
    a-bomb led to resentment that leads to Cold War
  • H-bombs, which we have today, several thousand
    times more powerful than a-bomb, can wipe out all
    life within a 60- to 100-mile radius
  • Bad times

Bomb cloud over Hiroshima
9
Hiroshima Before and After
10
Effects of the War
  • 55 million people died in this war
  • China, Japan, Germany were in ruins from the
    bombing
  • Millions of people were homeless w/o
    familiesknown as displaced persons
  • The US and Soviet Union would have major
    conflicts that would result in the Cold War
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