CONOPS Elements

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86th Flying Training Squadron
1 Flying Training Squadron in the World
T-1 Formation and Mission FamiliarizationBriefi
ngs
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l
l e n c e
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Overview

• Air Force Instructions and General Knowledge
  Sources
• Formation
• Air Refueling
• Air Drop

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Instructions and GK Sources

• AFI 11-202V3
• AFI 11-2T-1V3
• AFMAN 11-247
• VAFBI 11-201
• 86 FTS OI 11-201
• Volume three
• Formation standards and communication guides
• IFG
• FAR/AIM
• AP1/B

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Formation

• Mission Planning
• Crews should coordinate with each other to ensure
  required syllabus items are planned and maneuver
  continuity is taken into account (i.e. wing
  takeoff requirements, MIF items, special
  syllabus, etc.).
• Formation maneuvering usually takes place in Burr
  1-2 MOA. If a different MOA is required,
  schedule airspace accordingly.
• Sign out formation call signs at duty desk.
• Determine formation commander and individual
  aircraft commanders (see 86 FTS OI 11-201).

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Formation

• Mission Planning (continued)
• Create mission card (use standard 86 FTS mission
  card) and make copy for each crew member.
• Flight plan
• Usually file one flight plan however, separate
  flight plans may be required if weather or
  mission requirements dictate.
• If weather requires single ship clearances on
  departure/recovery, separate flight plans may be
  required/preferred.
• Reference GP, 86 FTS OI 11-201, and IFG.
• Know 86 FTS OI 11-201 Formation Standards and
  Formation Communications Guide.
• Student in the lead aircraft briefs the mission
  using the Formation Briefing Guide in the IFG.

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Formation

• Ground Ops
• Student sits in right seat
• Inform lead/wing of any delays during ground ops
• Inform crew chief of formation mission
• Taxi no closer than 150 feet from lead
  (approximately 2 taxi lights behind)
• Minimum runway width for formation takeoff is 150
  feet
• If crosswind component exceeds 10 knots, place
  wingman on upwind side of runway

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Formation

• Takeoff/Departure
• Types of formation takeoffs
• 15 second interval takeoff
• One minute interval takeoff
• Feed-on takeoff
• On departure, passing 400 or 1,500 AGL, lead
  reduces power to MCT minus 5 N1. After wingman
  rejoins, lead sets MCT minus 2 N1.
• Standard Formation
• Wingman remains within 1 mile laterally and
  within 100 feet vertically of lead
• Nonstandard Formation
• Request with ATC
• See LAFBI 11-201 for enroute to MOA procedures
• Visual Position vs. Offset Position

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Formation

• Visual Formation
• Wingman approximately 600-700 feet aft of lead
  200-300 feet laterally

• References
• Read letters on tail easily
• Barely make out the s
• .2 DME on A/A TACAN
• Barely see front cockpit
• windows
• Right engine on leads
• emergency exit door
• Stinger light just touches
• left engine

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Formation

• Offset Position
• Wingman 600-4000 feet (.2 - .8 DME) from lead
• Remain within semi circle starting from abeam
  lead

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Formation

• Area Maneuvers
• Offset maneuvering
• Straight ahead rejoin
• Turning rejoins
• Practice lost wingman
• Breakout
• Cell
• Position change
• Note information on techniques for accomplishing
  area
• maneuvers is found in the online
  instructor guide.

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Formation

• Destination Arrival
• Drag procedures
• Initial/tactical overhead pattern
• Downwind entry

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Air Refueling

• Mission Planning
• Reserve airspace through 86 FTS Duty Desk or
  appropriate agency (AR650, AR614, AR1/2).
  Schedule track for at least 15 minutes prior to
  the ARCT.
• Crews should coordinate with each other to ensure
  required syllabus items are planned and maneuver
  continuity is taken into account (i.e.
  overrun/breakaway requirements, MIF items,
  special syllabus, etc.).
• Plan 2 rendezvous (breakaway after each) and a
  complete set of formation maneuvers following the
  air refueling training.
• Determine formation commander and individual
  aircraft commanders (see 86 FTS OI 11-101).

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Air Refueling

• Mission Planning (continued)
• Create mission card (use standard 86 FTS mission
  card) and make copy for each crew member.
• Flight plan.
• Must file two separate flight plans since
  aircraft are departing single ship.
• Reference GP, 86 FTS OI 11-201, and IFG.
• Get an accurate time hack prior to the briefing
  (DSN 762-1401).
• Know 86 FTS OI 11-201 Formation Standards and AR
  Communications Guide.
• Devise and brief a clear plan for use and
  management of UHF and VHF frequencies/radios.
  Only use AR specific frequencies during time AR
  track is reserved. If outside the reserved track
  time, use formation comm plan frequencies
• Student flying in tanker aircraft first briefs
  the mission using the Formation Briefing Guide in
  the IFG

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Air Refueling

• Ground Ops
• Student sits in right seat.
• Single ship ground ops (you are not a formation
  yet).
• Inform other aircraft if timeline can not be met
  (i.e. maintenance problem).
• Tanker is responsible for coordinating changes to
  airspace and timeline requirements.
• Any change to the Air Refueling Control Time
  (ARCT) should be completed prior to takeoff.
• During Flight (Prior to Rendezvous Completion)
• New checklists to accomplish (See AR section in
  IFG).
• Extensive use of FMS and A/P required. Learn it
  early.
• MARSA Military Assumes Separation of Aircraft.
• Requirements to accept MARSA positive ID,
  positive radio contact and altitude separation.
• Precontact and Contact Positions

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Air Refueling
Precontact
16
Air Refueling
Contact
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Air Refueling

• Break-up
• Complete a practice emergency separation (i.e.
  breakaway) after final contact.
• Accomplish altitude swap when 1000 vertical and
  3 NM lateral separation achieved.
• Reverse roles and complete 2nd rendezvous.
• MOA Formation Work
• May need to move from AR airspace to MOA for form
  work.
• Do a full formation maneuver profile following
  the AR training (time permitting).
• Formation Arrival
• Plan a formation arrival to destination airfield
  (wx permitting).
• Drag procedures.
• Initial/tactical overhead pattern.
• Downwind entry.

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Air Drop

• Mission Planning
• Reserve low levels through 86 FTS Duty Desk. See
  LAFBI 11-201 and/or IFG for local IR, SR, VR low
  level scheduling information.
• Crews should coordinate with each other to ensure
  required syllabus items are planned and maneuver
  continuity is taken into account (i.e. wing
  takeoff requirements, IR vs SR requirements, MIF
  items, special syllabus, etc.).
• Sign-out air drop low level charts from Check
  Flight. Duty Desk.
• Update/chum charts.
• Normally no formation work following airdrop
• Plan for a complete set of formation maneuvers
  following the air drop.
• Usually accomplished in the Vance 1A MOA.

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Air Drop

• Mission Planning (continued)
• Determine formation commander and individual
  aircraft commanders (see 86 FTS OI 11-201).
• Create mission card (use standard 86 FTS mission
  card) and make copy for each crew member.
• Flight plan.
• Usually file one flight plan however, separate
  flight plans may be required if weather or
  mission requirements dictate.
• Reference GP, 86 FTS OI 11-201, and IFG.
• AHAS/BAM level may impact low level and air drop
  altitudes.
• Get an accurate time hack (DSN 762-1401).
• Know 86 FTS OI 11-201 Formation Standards and
  Formation/Low Level Communications Guide.
• Student in lead aircraft briefs the mission.

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Air Drop

• Ground Ops
• Student sits in right seat
• Same as formation ground ops. Lead is
  responsible for coordinating changes to low level
  entry times.
• Controlled takeoff time (CTO). Controlled
  Departure Time (CDT)
• Enroute to Entry Point
• Use FMS route menu to load air drop route. Use
  of FMS in combination with chart reading is
  highly encouraged.
• Low level entry checklist.
• Lead can change TOT 2 minutes prior to entry.
• TOT is a Zulu time not a running clock. Hack the
  clock based on the TOT, not on a position over
  the ground (i.e. the entry point).

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Air Drop

• Air Drop
• Airdrop altitudes on mission card should be in
  AGL and MSL.
• TOT is evaluated to the second. Dont use FMS
  clock for TOT (does not display seconds). Use
  time-hacked watch from brief.
• Wingman can use speed brakes during drop if
  needed.
• MOA Work
• Normally no MOA work following air drop
• Do a full formation maneuver profile following
  the air drop (time permitting).
• Formation Arrival
• Plan a formation arrival to destination airfield
  (wx permitting).
• Drag procedures.
• Initial/tactical overhead pattern.
• Downwind entry.

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86th Flying Training Squadron
1 Flying Training Squadron in the World
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